UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
OR
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 0-50231
Federal National Mortgage Association
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Fannie Mae
Federally chartered corporation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| None | N/A | N/A | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes☐ No ☑
As of October 15, 2021, there were 1,158,087,567 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding.
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | ||||||||
| Page | ||||||||
| PART I—Financial Information | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Summary of Our Financial Performance | ||||||||
| Liquidity Provided in the First Nine Months of 2021 | ||||||||
Guaranty Book of Business | ||||||||
| Single-Family Mortgage Market | ||||||||
| Single-Family Market Activity | ||||||||
| Single-Family Business Metrics | ||||||||
| Single-Family Business Financial Results | ||||||||
| Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
| Multifamily Mortgage Market | ||||||||
| Multifamily Business Metrics | ||||||||
| Multifamily Business Financial Results | ||||||||
| Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
| Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
| Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management | ||||||||
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | i | |||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| PART II—Other Information | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | ii | |||||||
| MD&A | Introduction | ||||||||
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We have been under conservatorship, with the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) acting as conservator, since September 6, 2008. As conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of the company, and of any shareholder, officer or director of the company with respect to the company and its assets. The conservator has since provided for the exercise of certain authorities by our Board of Directors. Our directors do not have any fiduciary duties to any person or entity except to the conservator and, accordingly, are not obligated to consider the interests of the company, the holders of our equity or debt securities, or the holders of Fannie Mae MBS unless specifically directed to do so by the conservator. | ||||||||
We do not know when or how the conservatorship will terminate, what further changes to our business will be made during or following conservatorship, what form we will have and what ownership interest, if any, our current common and preferred stockholders will hold in us after the conservatorship is terminated or whether we will continue to exist following conservatorship. Members of Congress and the Administration continue to express the importance of housing finance system reform. | ||||||||
We are not currently permitted to pay dividends or other distributions to stockholders. Our agreements with the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) include a commitment from Treasury to provide us with funds to maintain a positive net worth under specified conditions; however, the U.S. government does not guarantee our securities or other obligations. Our agreements with Treasury also include covenants that significantly restrict our business activities. For additional information on the conservatorship, the uncertainty of our future, our agreements with Treasury, and recent developments relating to housing finance reform, see “Business—Conservatorship, Treasury Agreements and Housing Finance Reform” and “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“2020 Form 10-K”) and “Legislation and Regulation” in this report and in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 (“Second Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q”) | ||||||||
You should read this MD&A in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in this report and the more detailed information in our 2020 Form 10-K. You can find a “Glossary of Terms Used in This Report” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Forward-looking statements in this report are based on management’s current expectations and are subject to significant uncertainties and changes in circumstances, as we describe in “Forward-Looking Statements.” Future events and our future results may differ materially from those reflected in our forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report and in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Introduction
Fannie Mae is a leading source of financing for mortgages in the United States, with $4.2 trillion in assets as of September 30, 2021. Organized as a government-sponsored entity, Fannie Mae is a shareholder-owned corporation. Our charter is an act of Congress, and we have a mission under that charter to provide liquidity and stability to the residential mortgage market and to promote access to mortgage credit. We were initially established in 1938.
Our revenues are primarily driven by guaranty fees we receive for assuming the credit risk on loans underlying the mortgage-backed securities we issue. We do not originate loans or lend money directly to borrowers. Rather, we work primarily with lenders who originate loans to borrowers. We securitize those loans into Fannie Mae mortgage-backed securities that we guarantee (which we refer to as Fannie Mae MBS or our MBS).
Effectively managing credit risk is key to our business. In exchange for assuming credit risk on the loans we acquire, we receive guaranty fees. These fees take into account the credit risk characteristics of the loans we acquire. Guaranty fees are set at the time we acquire loans and do not change over the life of the loan. How long a loan remains in our guaranty book is heavily dependent on interest rates. When interest rates decrease, a larger portion of our book of business turns over as more loans refinance. On the other hand, as interest rates increase, fewer loans refinance and our book turns over more slowly. Since guaranty fees are set at the time a loan is originated, the impact of any change in guaranty fees on future revenues is dependent on the rate at which newly originated loans replace the existing loans in our book of business.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 1 | |||||||
| MD&A | Executive Summary | Summary of Our Financial Performance | ||||||||
Executive Summary
Summary of Our Financial Performance
•Net revenues increased $334 million in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to higher base guaranty fees due to an increase in the size of our guaranty book of business, partially offset by a decrease in amortization income as a result of lower prepayment volumes and a decrease in net interest income from portfolios in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020.
•Net income increased $613 million in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020, driven primarily by an increase in credit-related income, an increase in net revenues and lower fair value losses, partially offset by lower investment gains.
◦Credit-related income in the third quarter of 2021 was primarily driven by strong actual and forecasted home price growth and a reduction in our estimate of losses we expect to incur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
◦The increase in net revenues is discussed above.
◦The decrease in fair value losses was driven by lower losses on commitments to sell mortgage-related securities in the third quarter of 2021 than in the third quarter of 2020. In the third quarter of 2021, commitment pricing remained relatively stable, whereas prices increased during the third quarter of 2020, driving fair value losses during the commitment period in 2020.
◦The decrease in investment gains was due to lower reperforming loan sales volume in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020.
•Net worth increased to $42.2 billion as of September 30, 2021 from $37.3 billion as of June 30, 2021. The increase is attributable to $4.8 billion of comprehensive income for the third quarter of 2021.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 2 | |||||||
| MD&A | Executive Summary | Summary of Our Financial Performance | ||||||||
•Net revenues increased $4.2 billion in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020, primarily due to an increase in net amortization income as a result of high prepayment volumes from loan refinancings in the first nine months of 2021 driven by the low interest-rate environment, as well as higher base guaranty fees due to an increase in the size of our guaranty book of business. The increase in net revenues was partially offset by a decrease in net interest income from portfolios in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020.
•Net income increased $9.8 billion in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020, primarily driven by a shift from credit-related expense in the first nine months of 2020 to credit-related income in the first nine months of 2021 and higher net revenues as discussed above. Credit-related expense in the first nine months of 2020 was driven by economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Credit-related income in the first nine months of 2021 was primarily driven by strong actual and forecasted home price growth, a benefit from the redesignation of certain nonperforming and reperforming loans and a reduction in our estimate of losses we expect to incur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by a provision for higher actual and projected interest rates. An additional driver of increased net income included a shift from fair value losses in the first nine months of 2020 to fair value gains in the first nine months of 2021 primarily related to commitments to sell mortgage-related securities.
•Net worth increased to $42.2 billion as of September 30, 2021 from $25.3 billion as of December 31, 2020. The increase is attributable to $16.9 billion of comprehensive income for the first nine months of 2021.
Financial Performance Outlook
Our financial results benefited significantly in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 from high refinance volumes, which contributed to our net amortization income, and the high pace of home price growth, which contributed to our credit-related income. We expect the pace of both refinance volumes and home price growth to moderate from recent quarters. Specifically, we expect modest increases in mortgage interest rates and the large number of borrowers who have refinanced recently will result in fewer borrowers who can benefit from a refinancing in the future, leading to lower amortization income from prepayment activity. In addition, we expect lower home price growth will likely reduce the amount of positive benefit, if any, to credit-related income (provision) in the near future related to home price changes. See “Key Market Economic Indicators” for a discussion of how home prices, interest rates and other macroeconomic factors can affect our financial results.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 3 | |||||||
| MD&A | Executive Summary | Liquidity Provided in First Nine Months of 2021 | ||||||||
Liquidity Provided in the First Nine Months of 2021
Through our single-family and multifamily business segments, we provided $1.1 trillion in liquidity to the mortgage market in the first nine months of 2021, enabling the financing of approximately 4.3 million home purchases, refinancings or rental units.
Fannie Mae Provided $1.1 Trillion in Liquidity in the First Nine Months of 2021
| Unpaid Principal Balance | Units | |||||||||||||
| $344B | 1.1M Single-Family Home Purchases | |||||||||||||
| $726B | 2.7M Single-Family Refinancings | |||||||||||||
| $49B | 511K Multifamily Rental Units | |||||||||||||
We continued our commitment to green financing in the first nine months of 2021, issuing a total of $10.6 billion in multifamily green MBS, $319 million in single-family green MBS and $2.4 billion in multifamily green resecuritizations. We also issued $8.2 billion in multifamily social MBS and $315 million in multifamily social resecuritizations in the first nine months of 2021. These green and social bonds were issued in alignment with our Sustainable Bond Framework, which guides our issuances of sustainable debt bonds and sustainable MBS that support energy and water efficiency and housing affordability. For information about our green bonds and our Sustainable Bond Framework, see “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—ESG Matters” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Legislation and Regulation
The information in this section updates and supplements information regarding legislative, regulatory, conservatorship and other developments affecting our business set forth in “Business—Conservatorship, Treasury Agreements and Housing Finance Reform” and “Business—Legislation and Regulation” in our 2020 Form 10-K, as well as in “MD&A—Legislation and Regulation” in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 (“First Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q”) and our Second Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q. Also see “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K and in this report for discussions of risks relating to legislative and regulatory matters.
Letter Agreement with Treasury
On September 14, 2021, Fannie Mae, through FHFA acting in its capacity as Fannie Mae’s conservator, entered into a letter agreement with Treasury temporarily suspending certain provisions of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement. Specifically, the letter agreement temporarily suspends certain business restrictions that were added in the January 14, 2021 letter agreement amending the senior preferred stock purchase agreement. These restrictions include the following:
•Section 5.12(c)—Single Counterparty Volume Cap on Single-Family Acquisitions for Cash. Under this provision, beginning on January 1, 2022, we may not acquire more than $1.5 billion in single-family loans for cash consideration from any single seller (including its affiliates) during any period comprising four calendar quarters. Loan acquisitions through lender swap securitization transactions are not subject to this limitation.
•Section 5.13—Multifamily Volume Cap. Under this provision, we may not acquire more than $80 billion in multifamily mortgage assets calculated in any 52-week period. This multifamily volume cap must be adjusted up or down by FHFA at the end of each calendar year based on changes to the consumer price index. Additionally, at least 50% of our multifamily acquisitions in any calendar year must be classified as mission-driven at the time of acquisition, consistent with FHFA guidelines.
•Section 5.14(a)—Limit on Specified Higher-Risk Single-Family Acquisitions. Under this provision, we may not acquire a single-family mortgage loan if, following the acquisition, more than 3% of our single-family loans that result from a refinancing or 6% of our single-family loans that do not result from a refinancing would have two or
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 4 | |||||||
| MD&A | Legislation and Regulation | ||||||||
more of the higher-risk characteristics listed below at origination. The 3% and 6% measurements are each based on loans we have acquired during the preceding 52-week period. The higher-risk characteristics are:
•a combined loan-to-value ratio greater than 90%;
•a debt-to-income ratio greater than 45%; and
•a FICO credit score (or equivalent credit score) less than 680.
•Section 5.14(b)—Limit on Acquisitions of Single-Family Mortgage Loans Backed by Second Homes and Investment Properties. Under this provision, we must limit our acquisitions of single-family mortgage loans secured by either second homes or investment properties to not more than 7% of the single-family mortgage loans we have acquired during the preceding 52-week period.
The September 2021 letter agreement provides that the suspension of these provisions will terminate on the later of one year after the date of the agreement and six months after Treasury notifies us. While the September 2021 letter agreement temporarily suspended restrictions on these activities, in the ordinary course of business these and other business activities are subject to constraints from a variety of sources, including board- and management-approved risk limits, capital considerations and FHFA instructions. In addition, other restrictions in the senior preferred stock purchase agreement continue to apply.
We describe the terms of the senior preferred stock and the related senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, prior to the suspensions described above, in our 2020 Form 10-K under the heading “Business—Conservatorship, Treasury Agreements and Housing Finance Reform—Treasury Agreements.”
Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
On September 15, 2021, FHFA published a notice of proposed rulemaking seeking comment on amendments to the enterprise regulatory capital framework. FHFA’s notice requests comments on possible amendments to the prescribed leverage buffers amount and the capital treatment of credit risk transfer transactions. Even if the amendments are adopted as proposed, the senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury currently includes a covenant that requires us to comply with the terms of the enterprise regulatory capital framework as it became effective in February 2021, disregarding any subsequent amendments or modifications. Comments on the proposed rule are due in November 2021.
In our 2020 Form 10-K we stated that we measured our risk and returns on our current business against the conservatorship capital framework, and that we expected to cease using the conservatorship capital framework to make business and risk decisions sometime in 2021 and to use instead the new enterprise capital regulatory framework and certain risk measures. We now expect our transition to the enterprise regulatory capital framework will continue into 2022. For more information on the framework, see “Business—Legislation and Regulation—GSE Act and Other Legislative and Regulatory Matters—Capital—Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework” in our 2020 Form 10-K and “Liquidity and Capital Management—Capital Management—Capital Requirements” in this report.
Stress Testing
Pursuant to an FHFA rule implementing a provision of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, each year we are required to conduct a stress test, based on our data as of the prior December 31, using two different scenarios of financial conditions provided by FHFA—baseline and severely adverse—and to publish a summary of our stress test results for the severely adverse scenario by August 15. We publish our stress test results on our website. In 2020, FHFA issued a waiver to delay publication of our 2020 stress test results so that we could include alternative scenarios in light of uncertainty posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. On August 13, 2021, we and FHFA published our 2020 and 2021 stress test results for the severely adverse scenario.
Credit Risk Transfers
In October 2021, we entered into new credit risk transfer transactions, transferring single-family mortgage credit risk via both our Connecticut Avenue Securities® (“CAS”) and Credit Insurance Risk Transfer™ (“CIRT™”) programs, and multifamily mortgage credit risk via our Multifamily CIRTTM (“MCIRT™”) program. These transactions were the first new credit risk transfer transactions we have entered into since the first quarter of 2020, when we stopped entering into them due to adverse market conditions. While market conditions subsequently improved, we did not enter into any new transactions until October 2021 as we evaluated their costs and benefits, including a reduction in the capital relief these transactions provide under FHFA’s enterprise regulatory capital framework. The structure of and extent to which we engage in any additional credit risk transfer transactions in the future may be affected by our capital requirements, the degree of regulatory capital relief provided by the transactions, our risk appetite, the strength of future market conditions, the cost of these transactions, FHFA guidance, and the review of our overall business and capital plan.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 5 | |||||||
| MD&A | Legislation and Regulation | ||||||||
Fair Lending
The Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended, including by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (together, the “GSE Act”) requires the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) to assure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac meet their fair lending obligations. In July 2021, FHFA issued a Policy Statement on Fair Lending describing its statutory authority and policies for supervisory oversight and enforcement of fair lending matters with respect to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In August 2021, FHFA and HUD entered into a memorandum of understanding regarding fair housing and fair lending coordination. Among other things, the memorandum of understanding allows HUD and FHFA to coordinate on investigations, compliance reviews, and ongoing monitoring of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to ensure compliance with the Fair Housing Act.
Equitable Housing Finance Plan
On September 7, 2021, FHFA instructed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to submit Equitable Housing Finance Plans to FHFA by the end of 2021. In our plan, we must identify and address barriers to sustainable housing opportunities, including our goals and action plan to advance equity in housing finance for the next three years. FHFA is also requiring Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to submit annual progress reports on the actions undertaken during the prior year to implement their plans.
As contemplated by the instruction, the goals and action plans established by the equitable housing plan should address identified sustainable housing barriers, including:
•Reducing the homeownership gap for a racial or ethnic group with a significant homeownership rate disparity; and
•Reducing underinvestment or undervaluation in racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, areas with significant disparities in opportunity, or formerly redlined areas that remain racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty or otherwise underserved or undervalued.
Legislation Extending Guaranty Fee Payments to Treasury
As described in our 2020 Form 10-K, in December 2011, Congress enacted the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 (“TCCA”) under which, at the direction of FHFA, we increased the guaranty fee on all single-family residential mortgages delivered to us by 10 basis points effective April 1, 2012. The revenue generated by this fee increase is paid to Treasury and helps offset the cost of a two-month extension of the payroll tax cut in early 2012. In 2012, FHFA advised us to remit this fee increase to Treasury with respect to all single-family loans acquired by us on or after April 1, 2012 and before January 1, 2022, and to continue to remit these amounts to Treasury on and after January 1, 2022 with respect to loans we acquired before this date until those loans are paid off or otherwise liquidated.
On August 10, 2021, the Senate passed legislation that would extend our obligation to pay these fees to Treasury beyond our current obligation. If enacted in the form already passed by the Senate, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act would extend until October 1, 2032, the current requirement that we collect an additional 10 basis points in guaranty fees on single-family residential mortgages delivered to us and pay the associated revenue to Treasury. The revenue generated by this fee extension would help offset the cost of infrastructure spending by the federal government.
Housing Goals
Proposed Housing Goals for 2022-2024
We are subject to housing goals, which establish specified requirements for our mortgage acquisitions relating to affordability or location. Our housing goals are set by FHFA in accordance with the GSE Act. In August 2021, FHFA published a proposed rule that would establish new single-family and multifamily housing goals for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac for 2022 through 2024. Comments on the proposed rule were due in October 2021. FHFA will issue a final rule after considering the comments.
Proposed Single-Family Housing Goals
Under FHFA’s proposed rule, FHFA would continue to evaluate our performance against the single-family housing goals using a two-part approach that compares the goals-qualifying share of our single-family mortgage acquisitions against both a benchmark level and a market level. To meet a single-family housing goal or subgoal, the percentage of our mortgage acquisitions that meet each goal or subgoal must equal or exceed either the benchmark level set in advance by FHFA or the market level for that year. The market level is determined retrospectively each year based on actual goals-qualifying originations in the primary mortgage market as measured by FHFA based on Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for that year. Typically, this data is made available before the third quarter of the following year.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 6 | |||||||
| MD&A | Legislation and Regulation | ||||||||
In the proposed rule, FHFA is proposing two new single-family home purchase subgoals to replace the existing low-income areas subgoal. The new minority census tracts subgoal would target borrowers with income at or below area median income (“AMI”) who reside in minority census tracts (defined as census tracts with a minority population of at least 30% and a median income below AMI). The new low-income census tracts subgoal would target (1) borrowers who reside in low-income census tracts that are not minority census tracts, regardless of income, and (2) borrowers with income greater than AMI who reside in low-income census tracts that are minority census tracts. Consistent with current practice, FHFA would continue to set the overall low-income areas goal on an annual basis to take account of mortgage loans made to borrowers who reside in designated disaster areas.
Current and Proposed Single-Family Goals | ||||||||||||||
(percentage of overall qualified single-family purchases) | ||||||||||||||
Current Benchmark Level | Proposed Benchmark Level | |||||||||||||
Single-Family Goals | 2018-2021 | 2022-2024 | ||||||||||||
Low-Income Home Purchase Goal | 24% | 28% | ||||||||||||
Very Low-Income Home Purchase Goal | 6% | 7% | ||||||||||||
Minority Census Tracts Subgoal (New) | N/A | 10% | ||||||||||||
Low-Income Census Tracts Subgoal (New) | N/A | 4% | ||||||||||||
Low-Income Refinance Goal | 21% | 26% | ||||||||||||
Proposed Multifamily Housing Goals
Under FHFA's proposed rule, FHFA would evaluate our performance for 2022 through 2024 against the following multifamily goals and subgoals.
Current and Proposed Multifamily Goals | ||||||||||||||
(number of multifamily units) | ||||||||||||||
Current Benchmark Level | Proposed Benchmark Level | |||||||||||||
Multifamily Goals | 2018-2021 | 2022-2024 | ||||||||||||
| Low-Income Goal | 315,000 | 415,000 | ||||||||||||
| Very Low-Income Subgoal | 60,000 | 88,000 | ||||||||||||
| Small Multifamily (5-50 Units) Low-Income Subgoal | 10,000 | 23,000 | ||||||||||||
The 2022 to 2024 goals proposed by FHFA are at higher levels than our 2018 to 2021 goals, particularly for the small multifamily low-income subgoal. See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K for a discussion of how pursuing our housing goals may adversely affect our business or financial results or condition.
2020 Housing Goals Performance
In August 2021, FHFA notified us that it had preliminarily determined that we met all of our single-family and multifamily housing goals for 2020. See “Business—Legislation and Regulation—GSE Act and Other Legislative and Regulatory Matters—Housing Goals” in our 2020 Form 10-K for more information regarding our housing goals.
2021 Scorecard Update
In February 2021, FHFA released the 2021 Scorecard for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Common Securitization Solutions (the “2021 Scorecard”), which establishes corporate performance objectives for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Common Securitization Solutions for 2021. In August 2021, FHFA notified us that it had removed the following two objectives from the 2021 Scorecard: (1) Roadmap Toward End of Conservatorships: Continue to provide support to FHFA as needed to develop a roadmap with milestones for exiting conservatorship, including the development of any capital restoration plans; and (2) Housing Market Reform and Alignment: Conduct such activities as directed by FHFA related to housing market reform. More information on the 2021 Scorecard is provided in our current report on Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2021.
Changes to Common Securitization Solutions Board Structure
We rely on the common securitization platform operated by Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (“CSS”), a limited liability company we own jointly with Freddie Mac, for the operation of a majority of our single-family securitization activities. In October 2021, FHFA announced its determination, after a nearly two-year review, that CSS should focus on maintaining the resiliency of Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s mortgage-backed securities platform instead of expanding
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 7 | |||||||
| MD&A | Legislation and Regulation | ||||||||
its role to serve a broader market. FHFA noted in the announcement that the decision allows CSS to stay focused on the safety and soundness of the housing finance market and reduce unnecessary expenses as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac rebuild capital. As a result, the independent members of the CSS Board of Managers brought on as part of the CSS market expansion activity have left the CSS Board of Managers. In addition, FHFA appointed a new Chair to the CSS Board who serves with the remaining five Board members: CSS’s Chief Executive Officer, two members designated by Fannie Mae and two members designated by Freddie Mac. Under the limited liability agreement for CSS, while Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac remain in conservatorship, the Board may not take any actions absent the Chair’s consent. We discuss risks posed by our reliance on CSS in “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Transition from LIBOR and Alternative Reference Rates
We are actively seeking to facilitate an orderly transition from the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). During 2021, we transitioned our method of interest-rate discounting for our derivatives positions, which we use in measuring our future interest-rate risk, from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”).
The transition from LIBOR will require action by many market participants and leadership from organizations such as the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (the “ARRC”) member firms, FHFA, our advisors, and other regulators and may involve action by one or more legislatures in the U.S and abroad. Federal legislation is currently being considered by Congress that is aimed at providing a fair and orderly transition from LIBOR to alternative rates. We cannot predict the likelihood that any legislation is passed or the impact thereof. In October 2021, the ARRC announced that it will develop any and all remaining final details of the ARRC’s recommended fallback rates for LIBOR consumer products no later than one year before the date when LIBOR is expected to cease (that is, by June 30, 2022). This timeline is meant to provide market participants sufficient time to prepare for an orderly transition. For additional information, see “Business—Legislation and Regulation—The Future of LIBOR and Alternative Reference Rates” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 8 | |||||||
| MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators | ||||||||
Key Market Economic Indicators
Below we discuss how varying macroeconomic conditions can influence our financial results across different business and economic environments. Our forecasts and expectations are subject to many uncertainties, including the pace and nature of economic growth, and may change, perhaps substantially, from our current forecasts and expectations. For example, home price growth could be adversely affected if growth in gross domestic product (“GDP”) is weaker than we currently expect, if unemployment, particularly among existing homeowners and potential new home buyers, is higher than we expect, or if the housing market is more sensitive to economic and labor-market weaknesses than we expect. For further discussion on housing activity, see “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Market” and “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Market.”
Selected Benchmark Interest Rates
(1)Refers to the U.S. weekly average fixed-rate mortgage rate according to Freddie Mac's Primary Mortgage Market Survey®. These rates are reported using the latest available data for a given period.
(2)According to Bloomberg.
(3)Refers to the daily rate per the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
How interest rates can affect our financial results
•Net interest income. In a rising interest-rate environment, our mortgage loans tend to prepay more slowly. We amortize various cost basis adjustments over the life of the mortgage loan, including those relating to loan-level pricing adjustments we receive as upfront fees at the time we acquire single-family loans. As a result, any prepayment of a loan results in an accelerated realization of those upfront fees as income. Therefore, as loan prepayments slow, the accelerated realization of amortization income also slows. Conversely, in a declining interest-rate environment, our mortgage loans tend to prepay faster, typically resulting in the opposite trend of higher net amortization income from cost basis adjustments on mortgage loans and related debt.
•Fair value gains (losses). We have exposure to fair value gains and losses resulting from changes in interest rates, primarily through our mortgage commitment derivatives and risk management derivatives, which we mark to market through earnings. Fair value gains and losses on our mortgage commitment derivatives fluctuate depending on how interest rates and prices move between the time a commitment is opened and when it settles. The net position and composition across the yield curve of our risk management derivatives changes over time. As a result, interest rate changes (increases or decreases) and yield curve changes (parallel, steepening or flattening shifts) will generate varying amounts of fair value gains or losses in a given period.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 9 | |||||||
| MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators | ||||||||
•Credit-related income (expense). Increases in mortgage interest rates tend to lengthen the expected lives of our loans, which generally increases the expected impairment and provision for credit losses on loans, particularly those modified in troubled debt restructuring arrangements. Decreases in mortgage interest rates tend to shorten the expected lives of our loans, which reduces the impairment and provision for credit losses on such loans.
•In January 2021, we began applying fair value hedge accounting to reduce the impact of changes in interest rates, or the interest-rate effect, on our financial results. For additional information on how hedge accounting supports our interest-rate risk management strategy and our fair value hedge accounting policy, see “Consolidated Results of Operations—Hedge Accounting Impact,” “Risk Management—Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management—Earnings Exposure to Interest-Rate Risk” and “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
Single-Family Quarterly Home Price Growth Rate(1)
(1)Calculated internally using property data on loans purchased by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and other third-party home sales data. Fannie Mae’s home price index is a weighted repeat-transactions index, measuring average price changes in repeat sales on the same properties. Fannie Mae’s home price index excludes prices on properties sold in foreclosure. Fannie Mae’s home price estimates are based on preliminary data and are subject to change as additional data becomes available.
Home prices and how they can affect our financial results
•Actual and forecasted home prices impact our provision or benefit for credit losses.
•Changes in home prices affect the amount of equity that borrowers have in their homes. Borrowers with less equity typically have higher delinquency and default rates.
•As home prices increase, the severity of losses we incur on defaulted loans that we hold or guarantee decreases because the amount we can recover from the properties securing the loans increases. Declines in home prices increase the losses we incur on defaulted loans.
•Home prices also impact the growth and size of our guaranty book of business. As home prices rise, the principal balance of loans associated with purchase money mortgages may increase, which affects the size of our book. Additionally, rising home prices can increase the amount of equity borrowers have in their home, which may lead to an increase in origination volumes for cash-out refinance loans with higher principal balances than the existing loan. Replacing existing loans with newly acquired cash-out refinances can affect the growth and size of our book.
•Home price growth in the first nine months of 2021 was 16.0% on a national basis, the highest nine-month home price growth rate in the history of the Fannie Mae national home price index, driven by continued low interest rates and low levels of housing supply relative to the level of demand.
•We currently expect home price growth on a national basis in 2021 of 18.4%, which exceeds our prior forecast for the year and home price growth realized in 2020 of 10.5%. We expect significant regional variation in the timing and rate of home price growth.
•The pace of rapid home price growth that we have experienced over the last year is not expected to continue. We expect home price growth to moderate to an annual growth rate of just below 8% in 2022, with slower growth expected thereafter. As home price growth slows, we expect the amount of positive benefit, if any, to our credit-related income (provision) to moderate as well.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 10 | |||||||
| MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators | ||||||||
New Housing Starts(1)
(1)According to U.S. Census Bureau and subject to revision.
How housing activity can affect our financial results
•Two key aspects of economic activity that can impact supply and demand for housing and thus mortgage lending are the rates of household formation and housing construction.
•Household formation is a key driver of demand for both single-family and multifamily housing. A newly formed household will either rent or purchase a home. Thus, changes in the pace of household formation can affect prices and credit performance as well as the degree of loss on defaulted loans.
•Growth of household formation stimulates homebuilding. Homebuilding has typically been a cyclical leader, weakening prior to a slowdown in U.S. economic activity and accelerating prior to a recovery, which contributes to the growth of GDP and employment. However, the housing sector’s performance may vary from its historical precedent due to the many uncertainties surrounding future economic or housing policy as well as the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and the housing market.
•With regard to housing construction, a decline in housing starts results in fewer new homes being available for purchase and potentially a lower volume of mortgage originations. Construction activity can also affect credit losses through its impact on home prices. If the growth of demand exceeds the growth of supply, prices will appreciate and impact the risk profile of newly originated home purchase mortgages, depending on where in the housing cycle the market is. A reduced pace of construction is often associated with a broader economic slowdown and may signal expected increases in delinquency and losses on defaulted loans.
•We expect a continued lack of inventory for both new and existing homes will likely continue to constrain sales into the fourth quarter. Due to the current strength in housing demand and low supply of homes for sale, we expect single-family housing starts to be higher in 2021 than in 2020. Similarly, despite the constraints on home sales, we continue to expect housing activity to remain solid throughout the remainder of 2021 and into 2022.
•Construction demand in the multifamily sector strengthened in the first nine months of 2021, with multifamily starts posting a solid increase during the period. While we expect multifamily starts to moderate in the remainder of 2021, we expect that, on an annual basis, they will be higher overall in 2021 than in 2020.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 11 | |||||||
| MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators | ||||||||
GDP, Unemployment Rate and Personal Consumption
(1)Real GDP growth (decline) and real personal consumption growth (decline) are based on the quarterly series calculated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis and are subject to revision.
(2)According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and subject to revision.
How GDP, the unemployment rate and personal consumption can affect our financial results
•Changes in GDP, the unemployment rate and personal consumption can affect several mortgage market factors, including the demand for both single-family and multifamily housing and the level of loan delinquencies, which in turn can lead to credit losses.
•Economic growth is a key factor for the performance of mortgage-related assets. In a growing economy, employment and income are typically rising, thus allowing existing borrowers to meet payment requirements, existing homeowners to consider purchasing and moving to another home, and renters to consider becoming homeowners. Homebuilding typically increases to meet the rise in demand. Mortgage delinquencies typically fall in an expanding economy, thereby decreasing credit losses.
•In a slowing economy, employment, income growth and housing activity typically slow as an early indicator of reduced economic activity. Typically, as an economic slowdown intensifies, households reduce their spending. This reduction in consumption then accelerates the slowdown. An economic slowdown can lead to employment losses, impairing the ability of borrowers and renters to meet mortgage and rental payments, thus causing loan delinquencies to rise. Home sales and mortgage originations also typically fall in a slowing economy.
•The economic recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic began in the second half of 2020 and continued its momentum through the first nine months of 2021, with the second quarter 2021 GDP number pushing GDP above its pre-pandemic level. In the third quarter of 2021, GDP growth slowed due to reduced consumer spending, particularly driven by the Delta variant of the coronavirus, global supply chain disruptions and decreased service and travel sector spending. The pace and strength of economic expansion remains uncertain and will depend on a number of factors, including the continuance of supply chain disruptions and related inflationary pressures, recovery of economic activity outside the U.S., current labor market shortages, the impact of the emergence of new, more infectious variants of the coronavirus and COVID-19 vaccination
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 12 | |||||||
| MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators | ||||||||
rates.
See “Risk Factors” in this report and in our 2020 Form 10-K for further discussion of risks to our business and financial results associated with interest rates, home prices, housing activity and economic conditions, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Consolidated Results of Operations
This section discusses our condensed consolidated results of operations and should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.
Summary of Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | Variance | 2021 | 2020 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income(1) | $ | 6,972 | $ | 6,656 | $ | 316 | $ | 22,000 | $ | 17,780 | $ | 4,220 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and other income | 111 | 93 | 18 | 301 | 303 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | 7,083 | 6,749 | 334 | 22,301 | 18,083 | 4,218 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains, net | 243 | 653 | (410) | 934 | 644 | 290 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains (losses), net(1) | (17) | (327) | 310 | 321 | (1,621) | 1,942 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | (745) | (762) | 17 | (2,239) | (2,265) | 26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit-related income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit (provision) for credit losses | 937 | 501 | 436 | 4,290 | (2,094) | 6,384 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreclosed property expense | (69) | (71) | 2 | (105) | (161) | 56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit-related income (expense) | 868 | 430 | 438 | 4,185 | (2,255) | 6,440 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TCCA fees | (781) | (679) | (102) | (2,270) | (1,976) | (294) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit enhancement expense(2) | (233) | (325) | 92 | (791) | (1,061) | 270 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(3) | (42) | (48) | 6 | (117) | 413 | (530) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other expenses, net(4) | (268) | (313) | 45 | (867) | (792) | (75) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before federal income taxes | 6,108 | 5,378 | 730 | 21,457 | 9,170 | 12,287 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for federal income taxes | (1,266) | (1,149) | (117) | (4,470) | (1,935) | (2,535) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 4,842 | $ | 4,229 | $ | 613 | $ | 16,987 | $ | 7,235 | $ | 9,752 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | $ | 4,828 | $ | 4,216 | $ | 612 | $ | 16,914 | $ | 7,224 | $ | 9,690 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)In January 2021, we began applying fair value hedge accounting. For qualifying hedging relationships, fair value changes attributable to movements in the designated benchmark interest rates for hedged mortgage loans and funding debt and the fair value change of the designated portion of the paired interest-rate swaps are recognized in “Net interest income.” In prior years, all fair value changes for interest-rate swaps were recognized in “Fair value gains (losses), net.” See “Hedge Accounting Impact” below and “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for more information about our hedge accounting program.
(2)Consists of costs associated with our freestanding credit enhancements, which primarily include our CAS and CIRTTM programs, enterprise-paid mortgage insurance (“EPMI”), and certain lender risk-sharing programs.
(3)Consists of increase (decrease) in benefits recognized from our freestanding credit enhancements, including any realized amounts.
(4)Consists of debt extinguishment gains and losses, housing trust fund expenses, loan subservicing costs, servicer fees paid in connection with certain loss mitigation activities, and gains and losses from partnership investments.
Hedge Accounting Impact
Our earnings can experience volatility due to interest-rate changes and differing accounting treatments that apply to certain financial instruments on our balance sheet. Specifically, we have exposure to earnings volatility that is driven by changes in interest rates in two primary areas: our net portfolio and our consolidated MBS trusts. The exposure in the net portfolio is primarily driven by changes in the fair value of risk management derivatives, mortgage commitments, and certain assets, primarily securities, that are carried at fair value. The exposure related to our consolidated MBS trusts relates to changes in our credit loss reserves driven by changes in interest rates.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 13 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
To help address this volatility, we began applying fair value hedge accounting in January 2021 to reduce the current-period impact on our earnings related to changes in interest rates, particularly the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). Hedge accounting aligns the timing of when we recognize fair value changes in hedged items attributable to these benchmark interest-rate movements with fair value changes in the hedging instrument.
Under our hedge accounting program, we establish fair value hedging relationships between risk management derivatives, specifically interest-rate swaps, and qualifying portfolios of mortgage loans or funding debt. For hedging relationships that are highly effective, we recognize changes in the fair value of the hedged mortgage loans or funding debt attributable to movements in the benchmark interest rate in net interest income. We then offset that impact with the changes in fair value of the designated interest-rate swap. This has the effect of deferring the recognition of gains and losses on the hedging instrument to future periods by recognizing the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item as a cost basis adjustment on the underlying loans or funding debt at the end of the hedge term. The cost basis adjustment is then subsequently amortized back into earnings. Accordingly, we deferred $194 million and $1.1 billion in net fair value losses as cost basis adjustments in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, on our hedged loans and funding debt that will be amortized through “Net interest income” over the contractual life of the respective hedged items.
Although hedge accounting reduces the earnings volatility related to benchmark interest rate movements in any given period, it does not impact the amount of interest-rate-driven gains or losses we will ultimately recognize through earnings.
While we expect the earnings volatility related to benchmark interest rate movements to be reduced as a result of our adoption of hedge accounting, earnings variability driven by other factors, such as spreads, remains. In addition, our hedge accounting program is not designed to address earnings volatility driven by changes in cost basis amortization recognized in net interest income, which can be influenced by interest rate changes.
See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” for additional discussion of our fair value hedge accounting policy and related disclosures.
Net Interest Income
Our primary source of net interest income is guaranty fees we receive for managing the credit risk on loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS held by third parties.
Guaranty fees consist of two primary components:
•base guaranty fees that we receive over the life of the loan; and
•upfront fees that we receive at the time of loan acquisition primarily related to single-family loan-level pricing adjustments and other fees we receive from lenders, which are amortized into net interest income as cost basis adjustments over the contractual life of the loan. We refer to this as amortization income.
We recognize almost all of our guaranty fee revenue in net interest income because we consolidate the substantial majority of loans underlying our Fannie Mae MBS in consolidated trusts in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Guaranty fees from these loans account for nearly all of the difference between the interest income on loans in consolidated trusts and the interest expense on the debt of consolidated trusts.
The timing of when we recognize amortization income can vary based on a number of factors, the most significant of which is a change in mortgage interest rates. In a rising interest-rate environment, our mortgage loans tend to prepay more slowly, which typically results in lower net amortization income. Conversely, in a declining interest-rate environment, our mortgage loans tend to prepay faster, typically resulting in higher net amortization income.
We also recognize net interest income on the difference between interest income earned on the assets in our retained mortgage portfolio and our other investments portfolio (collectively, our “portfolios”) and the interest expense associated with the debt that funds those assets. See “Retained Mortgage Portfolio” and “Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management—Other Investments Portfolio” for more information about our portfolios.
Beginning in January 2021, we recognize fair value changes attributable to movements in benchmark interest rates for hedged mortgage loans and funding debt and total fair value changes for designated interest-rate swaps, as well as the amortization of hedge-related basis adjustments on the associated mortgage loans or funding debt and any related interest accrual on the swap, as a component of net interest income. The income or expense associated with this activity is presented in the “Income from hedge accounting” line item in the table below.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 14 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
The table below displays the components of our net interest income from our guaranty book of business, which we discuss in “Guaranty Book of Business,” and from our portfolios, as well as from hedge accounting.
| Components of Net Interest Income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | Variance | 2021 | 2020 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income from guaranty book of business: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Base guaranty fee income(1) | $ | 3,643 | $ | 2,842 | $ | 801 | $ | 10,260 | $ | 8,119 | $ | 2,141 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Base guaranty fee income related to TCCA(2) | 781 | 679 | 102 | 2,270 | 1,976 | 294 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net amortization income(3) | 2,338 | 2,713 | (375) | 8,600 | 6,174 | 2,426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net interest income from guaranty book of business | 6,762 | 6,234 | 528 | 21,130 | 16,269 | 4,861 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income from portfolios | 170 | 422 | (252) | 742 | 1,511 | (769) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income from hedge accounting(4) | 40 | — | 40 | 128 | — | 128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net interest income | $ | 6,972 | $ | 6,656 | $ | 316 | $ | 22,000 | $ | 17,780 | $ | 4,220 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Excludes revenues generated by the 10 basis point guaranty fee increase we implemented pursuant to the TCCA, which is remitted to Treasury and not retained by us.
(2)Represents revenues generated by the 10 basis point guaranty fee increase we implemented pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is remitted to Treasury and not retained by us. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for more information on guidance we received from FHFA regarding TCCA fee amounts that we are not required to accrue or remit to Treasury with respect to delinquent loans backing MBS trusts.
(3)Net amortization income refers to the amortization of premiums and discounts on mortgage loans and debt of consolidated trusts. These cost basis adjustments represent the difference between the initial fair value and the carrying value of these instruments as well upfront fees we receive at the time of loan acquisition. It does not include the amortization of cost basis adjustments resulting from hedge accounting, which is included in income from hedge accounting.
(4)Consists of gains and losses from fair value hedging relationships that have been presented in net interest income. See “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” for additional information on the effect of our fair value hedge accounting program and related disclosures.
Net interest income increased modestly in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020, primarily driven by higher base guaranty fee income, partially offset by lower net amortization income and lower income from portfolios. The increase in net interest income for the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020 was primarily driven by higher net amortization income and higher base guaranty fee income, partially offset by lower income from portfolios.
•Higher base guaranty fee income. An increase in the size of our guaranty book of business over the prior year was the primary driver of the increase in base guaranty fee income in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021.
•Net amortization income. Throughout the first nine months of 2021 we continued to be in a low interest-rate environment and observed higher volumes of refinancings compared to the first nine months of 2020, during which refinancing volumes did not increase sharply until the second quarter when mortgage rates began to decline to historical lows. As a result, in the first nine months of 2021 we had higher prepayment volumes, which accelerated the amortization of cost basis adjustments, including upfront fees we recognize over the contractual life of the loans, on mortgage loans of consolidated trusts and the related debt.
Although interest rates remained low in the third quarter of 2021, amortization income was lower as there were fewer borrowers who could benefit from refinancing compared with the third quarter of 2020, contributing to a decline in net amortization income.
•Lower income from portfolios. Lower income from portfolios for the first nine months of 2021 was primarily due to lower yields on our mortgage loans and assets in our other investments portfolio as a result of a lower interest-rate environment throughout the first nine months of 2021. This was partially offset by a decrease in interest expense on our funding debt due to a decrease in average borrowing costs.
Lower income from portfolios in the third quarter of 2021 was primarily due to a decrease in the average balance of our lender liquidity portfolio driven by a decline in mortgage refinance activity, primarily in the second and third quarters of 2021, leading to lower acquisition volumes through the whole loan conduit. See “Retained Mortgage Portfolio” for more information.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 15 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
Over half of our single-family guaranty book of business has been originated since the beginning of 2020, as borrowers took advantage of the historically low rate environment. However, refinancing activity began to taper in the second quarter of 2021 and declined further in the third quarter of 2021. We expect refinancing activity to be significantly lower in 2022 compared to 2021 levels as fewer borrowers may benefit from refinancing. We expect that lower levels of refinancing in the future will continue to slow the rate at which we amortize cost basis adjustments. Slower turnover in our book of business will likely result in lower amortization income as the average life of our outstanding book of business may extend. In addition, a slower turnover rate would limit the impact that changes in our guaranty fees have on our future revenues as any changes would take longer to meaningfully impact the average charged guaranty fee on our total book of business.
For loans negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to recognize interest for up to six months of delinquency provided that the loans were either current at March 1, 2020 or originated after March 1, 2020. We continue to accrue interest income beyond six months of delinquency provided that the collection of principal and interest continues to be reasonably assured. This resulted in a large portion of delinquent loans, including those in a forbearance arrangement, remaining on accrual status as of September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020. See “Note 3, Mortgage Loans” for more information about our nonaccrual accounting policy and “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Problem Loan Management” and “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Problem Loan Management and Foreclosure Prevention” for details about loans in forbearance, as well as on-balance sheet loans past due 90 days or more and continuing to accrue interest.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 16 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
Analysis of Net Interest Income
The table below displays an analysis of our net interest income, average balances, and related yields earned on assets and incurred on liabilities. For most components of the average balances, we use a daily weighted average of unpaid principal balance net of unamortized cost basis adjustments. When daily average balance information is not available, such as for mortgage loans, we use monthly averages. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, net interest income was impacted by the application of fair value hedge accounting beginning in January 2021.
Analysis of Net Interest Income and Yield(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Balance | Interest Income/ (Expense) | Average Rates Earned/Paid | Average Balance | Interest Income/ (Expense) | Average Rates Earned/Paid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-earning assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans of Fannie Mae(2) | $ | 81,999 | $ | 673 | 3.28 | % | $ | 118,270 | $ | 959 | 3.24 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans of consolidated trusts(2) | 3,800,970 | 24,125 | 2.54 | 3,401,660 | 24,851 | 2.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage loans(3) | 3,882,969 | 24,798 | 2.55 | 3,519,930 | 25,810 | 2.93 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities | 5,975 | 34 | 2.28 | 9,582 | 63 | 2.63 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-mortgage-related securities(4) | 184,325 | 111 | 0.24 | 152,229 | 133 | 0.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | 36,839 | 5 | 0.05 | 47,200 | 14 | 0.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advances to lenders | 8,522 | 33 | 1.55 | 8,845 | 33 | 1.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 4,118,630 | 24,981 | 2.43 | % | $ | 3,737,786 | 26,053 | 2.79 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term funding debt | $ | 4,324 | * | * | $ | 33,349 | (19) | 0.22 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term funding debt(2) | 225,568 | (659) | 1.17 | % | 237,020 | (806) | 1.36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS debt | 13,855 | (144) | 4.16 | 16,932 | (188) | 4.44 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total debt of Fannie Mae | 243,747 | (803) | 1.32 | 287,301 | (1,013) | 1.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties | 3,829,882 | (17,206) | 1.80 | 3,439,484 | (18,384) | 2.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 4,073,629 | (18,009) | 1.77 | % | $ | 3,726,785 | (19,397) | 2.08 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income/net interest yield | $ | 6,972 | 0.66 | % | $ | 6,656 | 0.71 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 17 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Balance | Interest Income/ (Expense) | Average Rates Earned/Paid | Average Balance | Interest Income/ (Expense) | Average Rates Earned/Paid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-earning assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans of Fannie Mae(2) | $ | 96,249 | $ | 2,280 | 3.16 | % | $ | 111,752 | $ | 3,003 | 3.58 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans of consolidated trusts(2) | 3,704,361 | 70,803 | 2.55 | 3,326,312 | 78,752 | 3.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage loans(3) | 3,800,610 | 73,083 | 2.56 | 3,438,064 | 81,755 | 3.17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities | 6,667 | 118 | 2.36 | 10,474 | 278 | 3.54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-mortgage-related securities(4) | 160,623 | 326 | 0.27 | 107,155 | 510 | 0.63 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | 52,705 | 17 | 0.04 | 41,030 | 135 | 0.43 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advances to lenders | 9,135 | 106 | 1.53 | 7,726 | 92 | 1.56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 4,029,740 | 73,650 | 2.44 | % | $ | 3,604,449 | 82,770 | 3.06 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term funding debt | $ | 5,944 | (4) | 0.09 | % | $ | 38,637 | (175) | 0.60 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term funding debt(2) | 243,659 | (2,092) | 1.14 | 187,628 | (2,370) | 1.68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS debt | 14,323 | (446) | 4.15 | 18,813 | (696) | 4.93 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total debt of Fannie Mae | 263,926 | (2,542) | 1.28 | 245,078 | (3,241) | 1.76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties | 3,739,575 | (49,108) | 1.75 | 3,357,411 | (61,749) | 2.45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 4,003,501 | (51,650) | 1.72 | % | $ | 3,602,489 | (64,990) | 2.41 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income/net interest yield | $ | 22,000 | 0.73 | % | $ | 17,780 | 0.66 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Represents less than $0.5 million of interest expense and less than 0.005% of average yield.
(1)Includes the effects of discounts, premiums and other cost basis adjustments. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, includes cost basis adjustments related to hedge accounting.
(2)Includes income of $40 million and $128 million from hedged funding debt, hedged mortgage loans and paired interest-rate swaps for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively. Substantially all of this amount is related to the hedged funding debt and paired interest-rate swaps. There was no income or expense from hedge accounting for the third quarter or first nine months of 2020.
(3)Average balance includes mortgage loans on nonaccrual status. Interest income from the amortization of loan fees, primarily consisting of upfront cash fees and yield maintenance fees, was $2.5 billion and $7.3 billion, respectively, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, compared to $2.6 billion and $6.6 billion, respectively, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020.
(4)Consists of cash, cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury securities.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 18 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
Analysis of Deferred Amortization Income
We initially recognize mortgage loans and debt of consolidated trusts in our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The difference between the initial fair value and the carrying value of these instruments is recorded as a cost basis adjustment, either as a premium or a discount, in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We amortize these cost basis adjustments over the contractual lives of the loans or debt. On a net basis, for mortgage loans and debt of consolidated trusts, we are in a premium position with respect to debt of consolidated trusts, which represents deferred income we will recognize in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as net interest income in future periods.
Deferred Income Represented by Net Premium Position
on Debt of Consolidated Trusts
(Dollars in billions)
Investment Gains, Net
Investment gains, net primarily includes gains and losses recognized from the sale of available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, sale of loans, gains and losses recognized on the consolidation and deconsolidation of securities, and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on held-for-sale (“HFS”) loans.
The decrease in net investment gains in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020 was primarily driven by a decrease in the volume of sales of single-family HFS loans. The increase in net investment gains in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020 was primarily driven by a significant increase in the volume of sales of single-family HFS loans.
Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net
The estimated fair value of our derivatives, trading securities and other financial instruments carried at fair value may fluctuate substantially from period to period because of changes in interest rates, the yield curve, mortgage and credit spreads and implied volatility, as well as activity related to these financial instruments.
As discussed above in “Hedge Accounting Impact,” we began applying fair value hedge accounting in January 2021 to reduce earnings volatility in our financial statements driven by changes in interest rates. Accordingly, we now recognize the fair value gains and losses and the contractual interest income and expense associated with risk management derivatives designated in qualifying hedging relationships in net interest income. Prior to the implementation of our hedge accounting program, these fair value changes were included in “Fair value gains (losses), net.” Derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are unaffected by this change.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 19 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
The table below displays the components of our fair value gains and losses.
Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk management derivatives fair value gains (losses) attributable to: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net contractual interest income (expense) on interest-rate swaps | $ | 59 | $ | (46) | $ | 163 | $ | (216) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in fair value during the period | (97) | 44 | (734) | (85) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of the presentation of fair value losses in net interest income for risk management derivatives designated in fair value hedges(1) | 131 | — | 884 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk management derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | 93 | (2) | 313 | (301) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | (25) | (672) | 504 | (2,327) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit enhancement derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | (55) | 380 | (163) | 400 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | 13 | (294) | 654 | (2,228) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading securities gains (losses), net | (129) | (91) | (726) | 691 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS debt fair value gains (losses), net | 1 | (9) | (25) | 465 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other, net(2) | 98 | 67 | 418 | (549) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value gains (losses), net | $ | (17) | $ | (327) | $ | 321 | $ | (1,621) | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)Consists of the presentation of $192 million in fair value losses and $61 million in contractual interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and $1.1 billion in fair value losses and $169 million in contractual interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 in net interest income, for designated interest-rate swaps as a result of fair value hedge accounting.
(2)Consists of fair value gains and losses on non-CAS debt and mortgage loans held at fair value.
Fair value losses, net in the third quarter of 2021 were primarily impacted by losses on trading securities due to increases in U.S. Treasury yields during the third quarter of 2021, which resulted in losses on fixed-rate securities held in our other investments portfolio as prices declined. These losses were offset by the application of hedge accounting, which resulted in the presentation in “Net interest income” of fair value losses on designated interest-rate swaps, and decreases in the fair value of long-term debt of consolidated trusts held at fair value, which are included in “Other, net,” due to rising interest rates.
Fair value gains, net in the first nine months of 2021 were primarily driven by:
•the application of hedge accounting resulting in the presentation of fair value losses on designated interest-rate swaps in “Net interest income;”
•increases in the fair value of mortgage commitment derivatives due to gains on commitments to sell mortgage-related securities as prices decreased during the commitment period as interest rates increased; and
•decreases in the fair value of long-term debt of consolidated trusts held at fair value, which are included in “Other, net,” due to rising interest rates.
These gains were partially offset by fair value losses in the first nine months of 2021 on trading securities, primarily driven by increases in interest rates during the first quarter, which resulted in losses on fixed-rate securities held in our other investments portfolio.
Fair value losses, net in the third quarter of 2020 were primarily driven by:
•decreases in the fair value of mortgage commitment derivatives due to losses on commitments to sell mortgage-related securities as prices increased during the commitment period due to tightening spreads between current coupon yields and treasury yields, which were partially offset by gains on commitments to buy mortgage-related securities; and
•losses on trading securities due to increases in U.S. Treasury yields during the period, which resulted in losses on fixed-rate securities held in our other investments portfolio.
These losses were partially offset by fair value gains in the third quarter of 2020 on credit enhancement derivatives, primarily driven by higher projected default rates on our lender risk-sharing securities as delinquencies increased on the underlying loans, thus increasing the value of the securities to us.
Fair value losses, net in the first nine months of 2020 were primarily driven by:
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 20 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
•decreases in the fair value of mortgage commitment derivatives due to losses on commitments to sell mortgage-related securities as prices increased during the commitment period due to tightening spreads between current coupon yields and treasury yields, which were partially offset by gains on commitments to buy mortgage-related securities;
•increases in the fair value of long-term debt of consolidated trusts held at fair value, which are included in “Other, net,” due to declines in interest rates; and
•net interest expense on risk management derivatives combined with decreases in the fair value of pay-fixed risk management derivatives due to declines in swap rates, which were partially offset by increases in the fair value of receive-fixed risk management derivatives.
These losses were partially offset by fair value gains in the first nine months of 2020 on trading securities and CAS debt, primarily driven by declines in interest rates and widened spreads between CAS debt yields and LIBOR, which resulted in gains on fixed-rate securities held in our other investments portfolio and our CAS debt held at fair value.
Credit-Related Income (Expense)
Our credit-related income or expense can vary substantially from period to period based on a number of factors, such as changes in actual and forecasted home prices or property valuations, fluctuations in actual and forecasted interest rates, borrower payment behavior, events such as natural disasters or pandemics, the types, volume and effectiveness of our loss mitigation activities, including forbearances and loan modifications, the volume of foreclosures completed and the redesignation of loans from held-for-investment (“HFI”) to HFS.
Our credit-related income or expense and our related loss reserves can also be impacted by updates to the models, assumptions and data used in determining our allowance for loan losses. As described below, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, our credit-related income or expense and our loss reserves have been significantly affected by our estimates of the impact of the pandemic and the pace and strength of the economy’s subsequent recovery, which require significant management judgment. Although we believe the estimates underlying our allowance are reasonable, we may observe future volatility in these estimates as we continue to observe actual loan performance data and update our models and assumptions relating to this unprecedented event.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 21 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses
The table below provides a quantitative analysis of the drivers of our single-family and multifamily benefit or provision for credit losses and the change in expected credit enhancement recoveries. The benefit or provision for credit losses includes our benefit or provision for loan losses, accrued interest receivable losses and our guaranty loss reserves, and excludes credit losses on our AFS securities. It also excludes the transition impact of adopting Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, (the “CECL standard”), which was recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2020. Many of the drivers that contribute to our benefit or provision for credit losses overlap or are interdependent. The attribution shown below is based on internal allocation estimates.
Components of Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses and Change in Expected Credit Enhancement Recoveries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family benefit (provision) for credit losses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in loan activity(1) | $ | 185 | $ | (18) | $ | 155 | $ | (85) | ||||||||||||||||||
Redesignation of loans from HFI to HFS | 118 | 510 | 1,103 | 685 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual and forecasted home prices | 584 | 939 | 2,887 | 355 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual and projected interest rates | (86) | 25 | (674) | 1,366 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in assumptions regarding COVID-19 forbearance and loan delinquencies(2) | 214 | (537) | 551 | (3,127) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other(3)(4) | (130) | (377) | 78 | (603) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family benefit (provision) for credit losses | 885 | 542 | 4,100 | (1,409) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in loan activity(1) | (40) | (32) | (180) | (106) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual and projected interest rates | (7) | (48) | 15 | 226 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual and projected economic data(5) | 68 | — | 389 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic | 42 | 49 | 119 | (825) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other(4) | (13) | (11) | (155) | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses | 50 | (42) | 188 | (683) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total benefit (provision) for credit losses | $ | 935 | $ | 500 | $ | 4,288 | $ | (2,092) | ||||||||||||||||||
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries:(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family | $ | (28) | $ | (48) | $ | (101) | $ | 218 | ||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | (15) | (4) | (30) | 188 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total change in expected credit enhancement recoveries | $ | (43) | $ | (52) | $ | (131) | $ | 406 | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)Primarily consists of loan acquisitions, liquidations and amortization of modification concessions granted to borrowers and write-offs of amounts determined to be uncollectible. For multifamily, changes in loan activity also includes changes in the allowance due to loan delinquencies and the impact of changes in debt service coverage ratios (“DSCRs”) based on updated property financial information, which is used to assess loan credit quality.
(2)Includes changes in the allowance due to assumptions regarding loss mitigation when loans exit forbearance, as well as adjustments to modeled results.
(3)Prior-period amounts have been adjusted to conform to the current-year presentation to include provision for allowance on accrued interest receivable.
(4)Includes provision for allowance on accrued interest receivable. For single-family, also includes the impact of changes in assumptions as well as changes in the reserve for guaranty losses that are not separately included in the other components. For multifamily, also includes the impact of model enhancements implemented in the first nine months of 2021.
(5)For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the impact of actual and projected economic data is grouped with “Estimated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic” as these impacts were driven by the pandemic.
(6)Includes increase (decrease) in expected credit enhancement recoveries only for active loans. Recoveries received after foreclosure, which are included in “Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries” in “Summary of Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations,” are not included.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 22 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
Single-Family Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses
The primary factors that contributed to our single-family benefit for credit losses in the third quarter of 2021 were:
•Benefit from actual and forecasted home price growth. During the third quarter of 2021, actual home price growth continued to be strong. We also increased our expectations for home price growth on a national basis for full-year 2021. Higher home prices decrease the likelihood that loans will default and reduce the amount of credit loss on loans that do default, which impacts our estimate of losses and ultimately reduces our loss reserves and provision for credit losses. See “Key Market Economic Indicators” for additional information about how home prices affect our credit loss estimates, including a discussion of home price appreciation and our home price forecast.
•Benefit from changes in assumptions regarding COVID-19 forbearance and loan delinquencies. During the third quarter of 2021, the benefit was primarily driven by the removal of the remaining non-modeled adjustment related to COVID-19 as discussed below.
The primary factors that contributed to our single-family benefit for credit losses in the first nine months of 2021 were:
•Benefit from actual and forecasted home price growth, as discussed in “Key Market Economic Indicators,” which have been robust throughout 2021.
•Benefit from the redesignation of certain nonperforming and reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS. We redesignated certain nonperforming and reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS, as we no longer intend to hold them for the foreseeable future or to maturity. Upon redesignation of these loans, we recorded the loans at the lower of cost or fair value with a write-off against the allowance for loan losses. Amounts recorded in the allowance related to these loans exceeded the amounts written off, resulting in a net benefit for credit losses.
•Benefit from changes in assumptions regarding COVID-19 forbearance and loan delinquencies. During the first and second quarters of 2021, management used its judgment to supplement the loss projections developed by our credit loss model to account for uncertainty arising from the COVID-19 pandemic that was not represented in historical data or otherwise captured by our credit model. As of September 30, 2021, management removed the remaining non-modeled adjustment as the effects of the economic stimulus, the vaccine rollout, and the effectiveness of COVID-19-related loss mitigation strategies have all become much less uncertain. Specifically, the decrease in uncertainty as of September 30, 2021 compared with the end of 2020 was primarily driven by the passage of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 and the broad implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program in the United States, which contributed to a significant increase in business activity and helped support continued economic growth. There has also been a steady decline in the number of borrowers in a COVID-19-related forbearance, lessening expectations of credit losses. Additionally, we believe the array of possible future economic environments included in our credit model, which captures scenarios that may be remote, combined with data consumed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, have removed the need to continue to supplement modeled results.
The impact of these factors was partially offset by the impact of the following factor, which reduced our single-family benefit for credit losses recognized in the first nine months of 2021:
•Provision for higher actual and projected interest rates. Actual and projected interest rates were higher as of September 30, 2021 compared with December 31, 2020. As mortgage rates increase, we expect a decrease in future prepayments on single-family loans, including modified loans. Lower expected prepayments extend the expected lives of modified loans, which increases the expected impairment relating to term and interest-rate concessions provided on these loans, resulting in a provision for credit losses.
The primary factors that contributed to our single-family provision for credit losses in the first nine months of 2020 were:
•Provision for changes in assumptions regarding COVID-19 forbearance and loan delinquencies, which included adjustments to modeled results. Our single-family provision for credit losses for the first nine months of 2020 was driven by the economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the majority of the provision recognized in the first quarter of 2020. Estimating expected credit losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to require significant management judgment regarding a number of matters, including our expectations surrounding borrower participation in a COVID-19-related forbearance, the type and extent of loss mitigation that may be needed when the loan exits forbearance, the high degree of uncertainty regarding the future course of the pandemic and its effect on the economy, and expectations regarding the impact of fiscal stimulus to support borrowers. As a result, the model used to estimate single-family credit losses did not capture the entirety of losses we expected to incur relating to COVID-19 at that time. The model consumed data from the initial months of the pandemic, including loan delinquencies, and updated credit profile data for
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 23 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
loans in forbearance. As more of this data was consumed by our credit loss model, we reduced the non-modeled adjustment initially recorded in the first quarter.
In the third quarter of 2020, management continued to apply its judgment and supplement model results as of September 30, 2020, taking into account the continued high degree of uncertainty regarding the future impact of the pandemic and its effect on the economy, future economic and housing policy, and extended foreclosure moratoriums. These factors, combined with higher loan delinquencies, led to an increase in provision attributable to these COVID-19-related factors, which was partially offset by a decrease in our estimated single-family cumulative forbearance take-up based on the economic data and forbearance activity observed through the third quarter of 2020.
•Provision for allowance on accrued interest receivable included in Other. In the third quarter of 2020, Other primarily consisted of provision for allowance on accrued interest receivable. As a result of our update to the application of our nonaccrual policy in the second quarter of 2020, we continued to accrue interest for those loans that were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This update resulted in a significant portion of delinquent loans, which were current as of March 1, 2020 and subsequently became delinquent, remaining on accrual status at the end of the third quarter of 2020. Accordingly, we established a valuation allowance for expected credit losses on the accrued interest receivable balance based on our evaluation of collectability.
The factors discussed above were offset by the factors below, which contributed to a single-family benefit for credit losses for the third quarter of 2020 and reduced the amount of single-family provision for credit losses recognized in the first nine months of 2020:
•Benefit from lower actual and projected interest rates. For much of 2020, we continued to be in a historically low interest-rate environment. As mortgage interest rates decline, we expect an increase in future prepayments on single-family loans, including modified loans. Higher expected prepayments shorten the expected lives of modified loans, which decreases the expected impairment relating to term and interest-rate concessions provided on these loans and results in a benefit for credit losses. Most of this benefit from lower actual and projected mortgage interest rates was recognized in the first half of 2020.
•Benefit from the redesignation of certain reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS. In the third quarter of 2020, we resumed sales of reperforming loans after our suspension of new loan sales in the second quarter of 2020. As a result, we redesignated certain reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS in the third quarter of 2020, as we no longer intended to hold them for the foreseeable future or to maturity. Upon redesignation of these loans, we recorded the loans at the lower of cost or fair value with a write-off against the allowance for loan losses. Amounts recorded in the allowance related to these loans exceeded the amounts written off, which contributed to a net benefit for credit losses for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 as shown in the table above.
•Benefit from actual and expected home price growth. In the first quarter of 2020, we significantly reduced our expectations for home price growth to near-zero for 2020. However, the negative impact from the first quarter of 2020 was more than offset by an increase in actual home price growth in the second and third quarters. See “Key Market Economic Indicators” for additional information about how home prices affect our credit loss estimates.
Multifamily Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses
The primary factors that contributed to our multifamily benefit for credit losses in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 were:
•Benefit from actual and projected economic data. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, property value forecasts increased due to continued demand for multifamily housing. In addition, improved job growth led to an increase in projected average property net operating income, which reduced the probability of loan defaults resulting in a benefit for credit losses for the quarter and year-to-date.
•Benefit from lower expected credit losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to our single-family benefit for credit losses described above, for the first and second quarters of 2021 management used its judgment to supplement the loss projections developed by our credit loss model to account for uncertainty arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2021, management removed the remaining non-modeled adjustment as the effects of the economic stimulus, the vaccine rollout, and the effectiveness of COVID-19-related loss mitigation strategies have all become much less uncertain. See “Single-Family Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses,” above for more information on these factors.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 24 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||||||
Our multifamily provision for credit losses in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 was primarily driven by:
•Provision for actual and projected economic data and estimated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which includes adjustments to modeled results. Our multifamily provision for credit losses for the first nine months of 2020 was driven by higher expected losses as a result of the economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and heightened economic uncertainty, driven by elevated unemployment, which we expected would result in a decrease of multifamily property income and property values. In addition, the multifamily provision for credit losses included increased expected credit losses on seniors housing loans, as these properties were disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. The vast majority of these expenses were recognized in the first half of 2020. Consistent with the single-family discussion above, the model we used to estimate multifamily credit losses did not capture the entirety of losses we expected to incur relating to COVID-19 at that time. The model consumed data from the initial months of the pandemic, but we continued to apply management judgment and supplement model results as of September 30, 2020, taking into account the continued high degree of uncertainty that remained relating to the impact of the pandemic.
In the third quarter of 2020, our multifamily provision for expected credit losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively flat. In September 2020, we decreased our estimate for credit losses due to a downward revision of our estimated multifamily cumulative forbearance take-up rates, as well as an improved forecasted unemployment rate. These benefits were offset by continued economic uncertainty, forbearance arrangements that were extended beyond the initial term, and overall increased delinquencies. These factors, inclusive of the other components of the multifamily provision for credit losses, resulted in a modest expense for the third quarter of 2020. See “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Problem Loan Management and Foreclosure Prevention” for information on our multifamily loans in forbearance.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 25 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis | ||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis
This section discusses our condensed consolidated balance sheets and should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.
| Summary of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | $ | 94,987 | $ | 66,537 | $ | 28,450 | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 66,087 | 77,286 | (11,199) | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments in securities | 98,095 | 138,239 | (40,144) | |||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae | 78,415 | 117,911 | (39,496) | |||||||||||||||||
| Of consolidated trusts | 3,831,588 | 3,546,533 | 285,055 | |||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | (6,334) | (10,552) | 4,218 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans, net of allowance for loan losses | 3,903,669 | 3,653,892 | 249,777 | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | 13,128 | 12,947 | 181 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 33,243 | 36,848 | (3,605) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 4,209,209 | $ | 3,985,749 | $ | 223,460 | ||||||||||||||
| Liabilities and equity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae | $ | 234,843 | $ | 289,572 | $ | (54,729) | ||||||||||||||
| Of consolidated trusts | 3,907,626 | 3,646,164 | 261,462 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 24,567 | 24,754 | (187) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 4,167,036 | 3,960,490 | 206,546 | |||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior preferred stock | 120,836 | 120,836 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Other net deficit | (78,663) | (95,577) | 16,914 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 42,173 | 25,259 | 16,914 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 4,209,209 | $ | 3,985,749 | $ | 223,460 | ||||||||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Federal Funds Sold and Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell or Similar Arrangements and Investments in Securities
Investments in securities declined from December 31, 2020 to September 30, 2021 primarily driven by a shift from investments in U.S. Treasury securities to investments in cash equivalents, as well as a decrease in funding debt issuances during the period. With lower funding debt issuances, our other investments portfolio declined as maturing investments in securities were not replaced.
For further discussion, see “Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management.”
Mortgage Loans, Net of Allowance
The mortgage loans reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets are classified as either HFS or HFI and include loans owned by Fannie Mae and loans held in consolidated trusts.
Mortgage loans, net of allowance for loan losses increased as of September 30, 2021 compared with December 31, 2020, driven by an increase in loan acquisitions, primarily from continued high refinancing activity, outpacing liquidations and sales.
For additional information on our mortgage loans, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans,” and for additional information on changes in our allowance for loan losses, see “Note 4, Allowance for Loan Losses.”
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 26 | |||||||
| MD&A | Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis | ||||||||
Debt
The decrease in debt of Fannie Mae from December 31, 2020 to September 30, 2021 was primarily due to decreased funding needs. The increase in debt of consolidated trusts from December 31, 2020 to September 30, 2021 was primarily driven by sales of Fannie Mae MBS, which are accounted for as issuances of debt of consolidated trusts in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, since the MBS certificate ownership is transferred from us to a third party. See “Liquidity and Capital Management—Debt Funding” for a summary of activity in debt of Fannie Mae and a comparison of the mix between our outstanding short-term and long-term debt. Also see “Note 7, Short-Term and Long-Term Debt” for additional information on our total outstanding debt.
Stockholders’ Equity
Our net equity increased as of September 30, 2021 compared with December 31, 2020 by the amount of our comprehensive income recognized during the first nine months of 2021.
The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock increased to $158.8 billion as of September 30, 2021 and will further increase to $163.7 billion as of December 31, 2021 due to the $4.8 billion increase in our net worth during the third quarter of 2021.
Retained Mortgage Portfolio
We use our retained mortgage portfolio primarily to provide liquidity to the mortgage market through our whole loan conduit and to support our loss mitigation activities, particularly in times of economic stress when other sources of liquidity to the mortgage market may decrease or withdraw. Previously, we also used our retained mortgage portfolio for investment purposes.
Our retained mortgage portfolio consists of mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities that we own, including Fannie Mae MBS and non-Fannie Mae mortgage-related securities. Assets held by consolidated MBS trusts that back mortgage-related securities owned by third parties are not included in our retained mortgage portfolio.
The chart below separates the instruments within our retained mortgage portfolio, measured by unpaid principal balance, into three categories based on each instrument’s use:
•Lender liquidity, which includes balances related to our whole loan conduit activity, supports our efforts to provide liquidity to the single-family and multifamily mortgage markets.
•Loss mitigation supports our loss mitigation efforts through the purchase of delinquent loans from our MBS trusts.
•Other represents assets that were previously purchased for investment purposes. The majority of the balance of “Other” as of September 30, 2021 consisted of Fannie Mae reverse mortgage securities and reverse mortgage loans. We expect the amount of assets in “Other” will continue to decline over time as they liquidate, mature or are sold.
Retained Mortgage Portfolio
(Dollars in billions)
The decrease in our retained mortgage portfolio as of September 30, 2021 compared with December 31, 2020 was primarily due to a decrease in our lender liquidity portfolio driven by a decline in mortgage refinance activity, primarily in the second and third quarters of 2021, leading to lower acquisition volumes through the whole loan conduit. In addition, sales of reperforming and nonperforming mortgage loans drove a decrease in our loss mitigation portfolio.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 27 | |||||||
| MD&A | Retained Mortgage Portfolio | ||||||||
The table below displays the components of our retained mortgage portfolio, measured by unpaid principal balance. Based on the nature of the asset, these balances are included in either “Investments in securities” or “Mortgage loans of Fannie Mae” in our Summary of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Retained Mortgage Portfolio | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lender liquidity: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency securities(1) | $ | 23,173 | $ | 34,810 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans | 23,621 | 45,895 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total lender liquidity | 46,794 | 80,705 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Loss mitigation mortgage loans(2) | 42,144 | 56,315 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reverse mortgage loans | 10,426 | 12,388 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans | 4,069 | 4,881 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reverse mortgage securities(3) | 6,496 | 7,185 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Private-label and other securities | 381 | 473 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae-wrapped private-label securities | 460 | 521 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage revenue bonds | 140 | 182 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other | 21,972 | 25,630 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total retained mortgage portfolio | $ | 110,910 | $ | 162,650 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retained mortgage portfolio by segment: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Single-family mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities | $ | 105,184 | $ | 154,943 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Multifamily mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities | $ | 5,726 | $ | 7,707 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Consists of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae mortgage-related securities, including Freddie Mac securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae. Excludes Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae reverse mortgage securities and Fannie Mae-wrapped private-label securities.
(2)Includes single-family loans classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) that were on accrual status of $18.7 billion and $29.4 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and single-family loans on nonaccrual status of $13.0 billion and $19.6 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Includes multifamily loans classified as TDRs that were on accrual status of $30 million and $20 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and multifamily loans on nonaccrual status of $449 million and $536 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(3)Consists of Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae reverse mortgage securities.
The amount of mortgage assets that we may own is capped at $250 billion and will decrease to $225 billion on December 31, 2022 under the terms of our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury. We are currently managing our business to a $225 billion cap pursuant to instructions from FHFA. See “Business—Conservatorship, Treasury Agreements and Housing Finance Reform” in our 2020 Form 10-K for additional information on our portfolio cap.
We include 10% of the notional value of interest-only securities in calculating the size of the retained portfolio for the purpose of determining compliance with the senior preferred stock purchase agreement retained portfolio limits and associated FHFA guidance. As of September 30, 2021, 10% of the notional value of our interest-only securities was $2.1 billion, which is not included in the table above.
Under the terms of our MBS trust documents, we have the option or, in some instances, the obligation, to purchase mortgage loans that meet specific criteria from an MBS trust. The purchase price for these loans is the unpaid principal balance of the loan plus accrued interest. If a delinquent loan remains in a single-family MBS trust, the servicer is responsible for advancing the borrower’s missed scheduled principal and interest payments to the MBS holders for up to four months, after which time we must make these missed payments. In addition, we must reimburse servicers for advanced principal and interest payments. The cost of purchasing most delinquent loans from a single-family Fannie Mae MBS trust and holding them in our retained mortgage portfolio is currently less than the cost of advancing delinquent payments to security holders.
Except for loans that are in forbearance or that have been granted certain other types of loss mitigation options (such as a repayment plan or payment deferral), we have historically purchased loans from single-family MBS trusts when they
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 28 | |||||||
| MD&A | Retained Mortgage Portfolio | ||||||||
become four consecutive monthly payments delinquent. In September 2020, FHFA instructed both us and Freddie Mac to extend the timeframe for our single-family delinquent loan buyout policy to 24 consecutively missed monthly payments (that is, loans that are 24 months past due) effective January 1, 2021. We expect that in most cases we nevertheless will purchase delinquent loans from single-family MBS trusts prior to the 24-month deadline under one of the exceptions to the FHFA directive, which includes loans that are permanently modified, loans subject to a short-sale or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, loans that are paid in full and loans referred to foreclosure.
In support of our loss mitigation strategies, we purchased $6.1 billion of loans from our single-family MBS trusts in the first nine months of 2021, the substantial majority of which were delinquent, compared with $9.2 billion of loans purchased from single-family MBS trusts in the first nine months of 2020. We expect the amount of loans we buy out of trusts will increase slightly in 2022 compared with 2021 as loans exiting COVID-19-related forbearance will lead to an increase in the number of delinquencies and loan modifications. The size of our retained mortgage portfolio will be impacted by the volume of loans we ultimately buy, the timing of those purchases, and the length of time those loans remain in our retained mortgage portfolio. These factors are highly uncertain and depend on a number of things, including the length of time loans remain in forbearance, the duration of foreclosure suspensions, future loan sales and the nature and success of our loss mitigation activities, including payment deferrals and repayment plans, which do not require us to purchase loans out of trust. See “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Problem Loan Management—Single-Family Loans in Forbearance” and “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Problem Loan Management and Foreclosure Prevention” for information on our loans in forbearance.
Guaranty Book of Business
Our “guaranty book of business” consists of:
•Fannie Mae MBS outstanding, excluding the portions of any structured securities we issue that are backed by Freddie Mac securities;
•mortgage loans of Fannie Mae held in our retained mortgage portfolio; and
•other credit enhancements that we provide on mortgage assets.
“Total Fannie Mae guarantees” consists of:
•our guaranty book of business; and
•the portions of any structured securities we issue that are backed by Freddie Mac securities.
We and Freddie Mac issue single-family uniform mortgage-backed securities, or “UMBS®.” In this report, we use the term “Fannie Mae-issued UMBS” to refer to single-family Fannie Mae MBS that are directly backed by fixed-rate mortgage loans and generally eligible for trading in the to-be-announced (“TBA”) market. We use the term “Fannie Mae MBS” or “our MBS” to refer to any type of mortgage-backed security that we issue, including UMBS, Supers®, Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit securities (“REMICs”) and other types of single-family or multifamily mortgage-backed securities.
Some Fannie Mae MBS that we issue are backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac securities. When we resecuritize Freddie Mac securities into Fannie Mae-issued structured securities, such as Supers and REMICs, our guaranty of principal and interest extends to the underlying Freddie Mac securities. However, Freddie Mac continues to guarantee the payment of principal and interest on the underlying Freddie Mac securities that we have resecuritized. We do not charge an incremental guaranty fee to include Freddie Mac securities in the structured securities that we issue. References to our single-family guaranty book of business in this report exclude Freddie Mac-acquired mortgage loans underlying Freddie Mac securities that we have resecuritized.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 29 | |||||||
| MD&A | Guaranty Book of Business | ||||||||
The table below displays the composition of our guaranty book of business based on unpaid principal balance. Our single-family guaranty book of business accounted for 89% and 90% of our guaranty book of business as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Composition of Fannie Mae Guaranty Book of Business | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conventional guaranty book of business(1) | $ | 3,492,837 | $ | 411,137 | $ | 3,903,974 | $ | 3,305,030 | $ | 386,379 | $ | 3,691,409 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government guaranty book of business(2) | 17,659 | 763 | 18,422 | 20,777 | 2,268 | 23,045 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranty book of business | 3,510,496 | 411,900 | 3,922,396 | 3,325,807 | 388,647 | 3,714,454 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Freddie Mac securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae(3) | 190,229 | — | 190,229 | 137,316 | — | 137,316 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Fannie Mae guarantees | $ | 3,700,725 | $ | 411,900 | $ | 4,112,625 | $ | 3,463,123 | $ | 388,647 | $ | 3,851,770 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Refers to mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities that are not guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government.
(2)Refers to mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government.
(3)Consists of approximately (i) $159.7 billion and $110.7 billion in unpaid principal balance of Freddie Mac-issued UMBS backing Fannie Mae-issued Supers as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; and (ii) $30.6 billion and $26.6 billion in unpaid principal balance of Freddie Mac securities backing Fannie Mae-issued REMICs as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The GSE Act requires us to set aside each year an amount equal to 4.2 basis points of the unpaid principal balance of our new business purchases and to pay this amount to specified U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) and Treasury funds in support of affordable housing. In March 2021, we paid $603 million to the funds based on our new business purchases in 2020. For the first nine months of 2021, we recognized an expense of $470 million related to this obligation based on $1.1 trillion in new business purchases during the period. We expect to pay this amount to the funds in 2022, plus additional amounts to be accrued based on our new business purchases in the fourth quarter of 2021. See “Business—Legislation and Regulation—GSE Act and Other Legislative and Regulatory Matters—Affordable Housing Allocations” in our 2020 Form 10-K for more information regarding this obligation.
Business Segments
We have two reportable business segments: Single-Family and Multifamily. The Single-Family business operates in the secondary mortgage market relating to single-family mortgage loans, which are secured by properties containing four or fewer residential dwelling units. The Multifamily business operates in the secondary mortgage market relating primarily to multifamily mortgage loans, which are secured by properties containing five or more residential units.
The chart below displays net revenues and net income for each of our business segments for the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2021. Net revenues consist of net interest income and fee and other income.
Business Segment Net Revenues and Net Income
(Dollars in billions)
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 30 | |||||||
| MD&A | Business Segments | ||||||||
In the following sections, we describe each segment’s business metrics, financial results and credit performance. For an overview of how we are compensated for and manage the risk of credit losses through the life cycle of our loans and how we measure our credit risk, see “Business—Managing Mortgage Credit Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Single-Family Business
Our Single-Family business provides liquidity to the mortgage market primarily by acquiring single-family loans from lenders and securitizing those loans into Fannie Mae MBS, which are either delivered to the lenders or sold to investors or dealers.
This section supplements and updates information regarding our Single-Family business segment in our 2020 Form 10-K. See “MD&A—Single-Family Business” in our 2020 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the primary business activities, customers and competition of our Single-Family business.
Single-Family Mortgage Market
Housing activity increased slightly in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2021. Total existing home sales averaged 6.1 million units annualized in the third quarter of 2021, compared with 5.8 million units in the second quarter of 2021, according to data from the National Association of REALTORS®. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, new single-family home sales remained relatively flat during the third quarter of 2021, averaging an annualized rate of approximately 738,000 units, compared with approximately 737,300 units in the second quarter of 2021.
The 30-year fixed mortgage rate averaged 2.90% in September 2021, compared with 2.98% in June 2021, according to Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey®.
We forecast that total originations in the U.S. single-family mortgage market in 2021 will decrease slightly from 2020 levels by approximately 1%, from an estimated $4.37 trillion in 2020 to $4.32 trillion in 2021, and that the amount of refinance originations in the U.S. single-family mortgage market will decrease from an estimated $2.80 trillion in 2020 to $2.47 trillion in 2021. We forecast that total originations in the U.S. single-family mortgage market in 2022 will decrease from 2021 levels by approximately 23% to an estimated $3.33 trillion in 2022 and refinance originations will decrease from 2021 levels by approximately 47% to an estimated $1.32 trillion in 2022. Declining origination volume reduces the number of mortgages available for us to acquire, which affects our business volume. See “Key Market Economic Indicators” for additional discussion of how housing activity can affect our financial results and the uncertainties that may affect our forecasts and expectations.
Single-Family Market Activity
Single-Family Mortgage-Related Securities Issuances Share
Our single-family Fannie Mae MBS issuances were $303.1 billion for the third quarter of 2021, compared with $383.8 billion for the third quarter of 2020. Based on the latest data available, the chart below displays our estimated share of single-family mortgage-related securities issuances in the third quarter of 2021 as compared with that of our primary competitors for the issuance of single-family mortgage-related securities.
Single-Family Mortgage-Related Securities Issuances Share
Third Quarter 2021
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 31 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Market Activity | ||||||||
We estimate our share of single-family mortgage-related securities issuances was 40% in the second quarter of 2021 and 41% in the third quarter of 2020.
Presentation of Our Single-Family Guaranty Book of Business
For purposes of the information reported in this “Single-Family Business” section, we measure the single-family guaranty book of business using the unpaid principal balance of our mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS outstanding. By contrast, the single-family guaranty book of business presented in the “Composition of Fannie Mae Guaranty Book of Business” table in the “Guaranty Book of Business” section is based on the unpaid principal balance of the Fannie Mae MBS outstanding, rather than the unpaid principal balance of the underlying mortgage loans. These amounts differ primarily as a result of payments we receive on underlying loans that have not yet been remitted to the MBS holders or instances where we have advanced missed borrower payments on mortgage loans to make required distributions to related MBS holders. As measured for purposes of the information reported below, our single-family conventional guaranty book of business was $3,422.0 billion as of September 30, 2021 and $3,200.9 billion as of December 31, 2020.
Single-Family Business Metrics
Net interest income for our Single-Family business is driven by the guaranty fees we charge and the size of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business. Our business volume and growth in our guaranty book of business is affected by the rate of growth in total U.S. residential mortgage debt outstanding, the size of the U.S. residential mortgage market and our share of mortgage acquisitions. The guaranty fees we charge are based on the characteristics of the loans we acquire. We may adjust our guaranty fees in light of market conditions and to achieve return targets. As a result, the average charged guaranty fee on new acquisitions may fluctuate based on the credit quality and product mix of loans acquired, as well as market conditions and other factors.
The charts below display our average charged guaranty fees, net of TCCA fees, on our single-family conventional guaranty book of business and on new single-family conventional loan acquisitions, along with our average single-family conventional guaranty book of business and our single-family conventional loan acquisitions for the periods presented.
Select Single-Family Business Metrics
(Dollars in billions)
Average charged guaranty fee on single-family conventional guaranty book of business, net of TCCA fees(1) | Average single-family conventional guaranty book of business(2) | |||||||||||||||||||
Average charged guaranty fee on new single-family conventional acquisitions, net of TCCA fees(1) | Single-family conventional acquisitions | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Excludes the impact of a 10 basis point guaranty fee increase implemented pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is remitted to Treasury and not retained by us.
(2) Our single-family conventional guaranty book of business primarily consists of single-family conventional mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS outstanding. It also includes single-family conventional mortgage loans of Fannie Mae held in our retained mortgage portfolio, and other credit enhancements that we provide on single-family conventional mortgage assets. Our single-family conventional guaranty book of business does not include: (a) non-Fannie Mae single-family mortgage-related securities held in our retained mortgage portfolio for which we do not provide a guaranty; (b) mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government; or (c) Freddie Mac-acquired mortgage loans underlying Freddie Mac-issued UMBS that we have resecuritized. Our average single-family conventional guaranty book of business is based on quarter-end balances.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 32 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Business Metrics | ||||||||
Average charged guaranty fee on newly acquired conventional single-family loans is a metric management uses to measure the price we earn as compensation for the credit risk we manage and to assess our return. Average charged guaranty fee represents, on an annualized basis, the sum of the base guaranty fees charged during the period for our new single-family conventional guaranty arrangements, which we will receive monthly over the life of the loan, plus the recognition of any upfront cash payments, including loan-level price adjustments, based on an estimated average life at the time of acquisition. We use loan-level price adjustments, including various upfront risk-based fees, to price for the credit risk we assume in providing our guaranty. FHFA must approve changes to the national loan-level price adjustments we charge and can direct us to make other changes to our single-family guaranty fee pricing.
Our average charged guaranty fee on newly acquired conventional single-family loans, net of TCCA fee, increased in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020 due to the slightly weaker credit risk profile of our third quarter 2021 acquisitions as well as the impact of the adverse market refinance fee, which was in effect for one month in the third quarter of 2021.
Single-Family Business Financial Results(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | Variance | 2021 | 2020 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income(2) | $ | 5,870 | $ | 5,870 | $ | — | $ | 19,087 | $ | 15,350 | $ | 3,737 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and other income | 86 | 73 | 13 | 228 | 238 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | 5,956 | 5,943 | 13 | 19,315 | 15,588 | 3,727 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains, net | 222 | 583 | (361) | 944 | 527 | 417 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value gains (losses), net | (31) | (244) | 213 | 323 | (1,734) | 2,057 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | (620) | (634) | 14 | (1,862) | (1,888) | 26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit-related income (expense)(3) | 807 | 478 | 329 | 4,011 | (1,556) | 5,567 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TCCA fees(2) | (781) | (679) | (102) | (2,270) | (1,976) | (294) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit enhancement expense | (174) | (274) | 100 | (619) | (897) | 278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(4) | (28) | (48) | 20 | (101) | 218 | (319) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other expenses, net(5) | (261) | (307) | 46 | (863) | (722) | (141) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before federal income taxes | 5,090 | 4,818 | 272 | 18,878 | 7,560 | 11,318 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for federal income taxes | (1,065) | (1,049) | (16) | (3,952) | (1,623) | (2,329) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 4,025 | $ | 3,769 | $ | 256 | $ | 14,926 | $ | 5,937 | $ | 8,989 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)See “Note 9, Segment Reporting” for information about our segment allocation methodology.
(2)Reflects the impact of a 10 basis point guaranty fee increase implemented pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is remitted to Treasury. The resulting revenue is included in net interest income and the expense is recognized as “TCCA fees.”
(3)Consists of the benefit or provision for credit losses and foreclosed property income or expense.
(4)Consists of increase (decrease) in benefits recognized from our single-family freestanding credit enhancements, which primarily relate to our CAS and CIRT programs.
(5)Consists primarily of debt extinguishment gains and losses, housing trust fund expenses, servicer fees paid in connection with certain loss mitigation activities, and loan subservicing costs.
Net Interest Income
Single-family net interest income remained flat in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020. Higher base guaranty fee income during the third quarter of 2021 was offset by lower net amortization income and lower income from portfolios.
The increase in single-family net interest income for the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020 was primarily driven by higher base guaranty fee income and higher net amortization income, partially offset by lower income from portfolios.
The drivers of net interest income for the Single-Family segment are consistent with the drivers of net interest income in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, which we discuss in “Consolidated Results of Operations—Net Interest Income.”
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 33 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Business Financial Results | ||||||||
Investment Gains, Net
The decrease in net investment gains in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020 was primarily driven by a decrease in the volume of sales of single-family HFS loans.
The increase in net investment gains in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020 was primarily driven by a significant increase in the volume of sales of single-family HFS loans.
The drivers of investment gains (losses), net for the Single-Family segment are consistent with the drivers of investment gains (losses), net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, which we discuss in “Consolidated Results of Operations—Investment Gains (Losses), Net.”
Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net
Fair value losses, net in the third quarter of 2021 were primarily driven by losses on trading securities, partially offset by decreases in the fair value of long-term debt of consolidated trusts held at fair value.
Fair value gains, net in the first nine months of 2021 were largely impacted by the implementation of our hedge accounting program resulting in the presentation of fair value losses on designated interest-rate swaps in “net interest income.” Fair value gains, net in the first nine months of 2021 were also driven by gains as a result of increases in the fair value of mortgage commitment derivatives and decreases in the fair value of long-term debt of consolidated trusts held at fair value, which were partially offset by losses on trading securities.
Fair value losses, net in the third quarter of 2020 were primarily driven by decreases in the fair value of our mortgage commitment derivatives and losses on trading securities, partially offset by fair value gains on credit enhancement derivatives.
Fair value losses, net in the first nine months of 2020 were primarily driven by decreases in the fair value of our mortgage commitment derivatives and increases in the fair value of long-term debt of consolidated trusts held at fair value, partially offset by fair value gains on trading securities and CAS debt.
The drivers of fair value gains (losses), net for the Single-Family segment are consistent with the drivers of fair value gains (losses), net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, which we discuss in “Consolidated Results of Operations—Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net.”
For information on the implementation of our hedge accounting program and its impact on our financial statements, see “Consolidated Results of Operations—Hedge Accounting Impact” and “Consolidated Results of Operations—Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net.”
Credit-Related Income (Expense)
Credit-related income for the third quarter of 2021 was driven by a benefit for credit losses due primarily to strong actual and forecasted home price growth and a reduction in our estimate of losses we expect to incur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Credit-related income for the first nine months of 2021 was driven by a benefit for credit losses due primarily to strong actual and forecasted home price growth, the redesignation of certain nonperforming and reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS and a reduction in our estimate of losses we expect to incur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of those factors was partially offset by higher actual and projected interest rates.
Credit-related income for the third quarter of 2020 was primarily driven by a decrease in our allowance for loan losses due to an increase in actual and forecasted home prices and the redesignation of certain reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS. This was partially offset by an increase to our allowance for loan losses we expected to incur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as an increase in the allowance on accrued interest receivable.
Credit-related expense for the first nine months of 2020 was primarily driven by an increase in our allowance for loan losses due to losses we expected to incur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as an increase in the allowance on accrued interest receivable due to the updated application of our nonaccrual policy. This was partially offset by lower actual and projected mortgage interest rates and the redesignation of certain reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS.
See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Credit-Related Income (Expense)” in this report for more information on the primary factors that contributed to our single-family credit-related income (expense).
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 34 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management
This section updates our discussion of single-family mortgage credit risk management in our 2020 Form 10-K. For an overview of key elements of our mortgage credit risk management, see “Business—Managing Mortgage Credit Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K. For additional information on our acquisition and servicing policies, underwriting and servicing standards, quality control process, repurchase requests, and representation and warranty framework, see “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Single-Family Acquisition and Servicing Policies and Underwriting and Servicing Standards
COVID-19 Selling Policies
Based on improved current market conditions, we are no longer offering most of the COVID-19-related temporary flexibilities to our Selling Guide requirements that we had previously offered.
We continue to maintain the following temporary selling policy updates, which provide clarity and mitigate risk:
•requiring additional due diligence regarding the payment status of a borrower’s existing mortgage loans;
•providing clarity for assessing self-employment income for qualifying purposes; and
•requiring that loans be no more than six months old to be eligible for sale to us.
In October 2021, FHFA announced that desktop appraisals would be incorporated into our Selling Guide for certain purchase loans beginning in early 2022 to sustainably advance the affordability of homeownership for mortgage borrowers. We previously offered a desktop appraisal option as a temporary flexibility from March 2020 through May 2021.
COVID-19 Servicing Policies
We worked with Freddie Mac as instructed by FHFA to implement temporary policies to assist borrowers impacted by COVID-19 in March 2020, and have subsequently amended some of these requirements. We continue to monitor the market and work with Freddie Mac as instructed by FHFA to amend or implement temporary policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to enable our single-family loan servicers to better assist borrowers impacted by COVID-19.
These temporary policies include:
•authorizing servicers to offer up to 12 months of forbearance, upon the request of any single-family borrower experiencing a financial hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of the borrower’s delinquency status; for loans already in a COVID-19-related forbearance as of February 28, 2021, servicers may grant an extension of forbearance for up to an additional six months, to a total of up to 18 months, provided that the forbearance does not result in the loan becoming greater than 18 months delinquent;
•offering a payment deferral workout option to eligible borrowers who have resolved a COVID-19-related financial hardship but cannot afford to bring the loan current by reinstating the loan (that is, repaying all the missed payments at one time) or through a repayment plan (that is, repaying the missed payments over time). The payment deferral workout option allows the borrower to defer up to 18 months of past-due payments, without interest, to the end of the loan term (or when the loan is refinanced, the property is sold or the loan is otherwise paid off before the end of the loan term). All other terms of the loan remain unchanged;
•adjusting the terms for a Flex Modification for eligible COVID-19-impacted borrowers to provide an opportunity to reduce the interest rate regardless of the mortgage loan’s post-modification mark-to-market loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio. This change, which was announced on June 30, 2021, is intended to help all eligible borrowers obtain a lower payment on their mortgage loan. Servicers were required to implement the policy change no later than August 31, 2021;
•suspending foreclosures and certain foreclosure-related activities for single-family properties through July 31, 2021, other than for vacant or abandoned properties; and
•reporting as current to the credit bureaus the obligation of a borrower who receives a forbearance plan or other form of relief as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic during the period covered by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), if the borrower was current before the accommodation and makes payments as agreed under the accommodation in accordance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act, as amended by the CARES Act.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) and certain states and localities have implemented COVID-19-related borrower and/or renter protections that are more extensive than our Servicing Guide requirements. On June 28,
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 35 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
2021, the CFPB issued a final rule prohibiting certain new single-family foreclosures on mortgage loans secured by the borrower’s principal residence until after December 31, 2021. In addition, on June 29, 2021, FHFA announced that Fannie Mae servicers will not be permitted to initiate foreclosures that would be prohibited under the CFPB rule before the rule’s August 31, 2021 effective date. The CFPB and certain states and localities may continue to consider such proposals in the future or extend the time period of existing protections. Our servicers must comply with all applicable laws.
Single-Family Portfolio Diversification and Monitoring
The following table displays our single-family conventional business volumes and our single-family conventional guaranty book of business, based on certain key risk characteristics that we use to evaluate the risk profile and credit quality of our single-family loans. As shown in the table below, our single-family conventional guaranty book of business has been impacted by record home price appreciation in the first nine months of 2021. The weighted average mark-to-market LTV ratio decreased from 58% as of December 31, 2020 to 54% as of September 30, 2021, and the percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business with a mark-to-market LTV ratio over 80% decreased from 13% of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of December 31, 2020, to 7% as of September 30, 2021.
We provide additional information on the credit characteristics of our single-family loans in quarterly financial supplements, which we furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) with current reports on Form 8-K and make available on our website. Information in our quarterly financial supplements is not incorporated by reference into this report.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 36 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Key Risk Characteristics of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume and Guaranty Book of Business(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Percent of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume at Acquisition(2) | Percent of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business(3) As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Original LTV ratio:(4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| <= 60% | 30 | % | 28 | % | 32 | % | 25 | % | 26 | % | 23 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60.01% to 70% | 16 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 70.01% to 80% | 31 | 33 | 31 | 34 | 34 | 35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 80.01% to 90% | 9 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90.01% to 95% | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 95.01% to 100% | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 100% | — | * | * | * | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average | 70 | % | 71 | % | 69 | % | 72 | % | 72 | % | 74 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average loan amount | $ | 282,305 | $ | 281,202 | $ | 282,206 | $ | 279,641 | $ | 195,844 | $ | 185,047 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio:(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| <= 60% | 60 | % | 52 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60.01% to 70% | 19 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 70.01% to 80% | 14 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 80.01% to 90% | 5 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90.01% to 100% | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 100% | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average | 54 | % | 58 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FICO credit score at origination: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < 620 | — | % | — | % | — | % | * | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 620 to < 660 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 660 to < 680 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 680 to < 700 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 700 to < 740 | 19 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| >= 740 | 66 | 74 | 70 | 72 | 66 | 64 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average | 753 | 762 | 757 | 759 | 752 | 750 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt-to-income (“DTI”) ratio at origination:(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| <= 43% | 76 | % | 81 | % | 78 | % | 79 | % | 78 | % | 77 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 43.01% to 45% | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 45% | 16 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average | 35 | % | 33 | % | 34 | % | 34 | % | 34 | % | 35 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 37 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Percent of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume at Acquisition(2) | Percent of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business(3) As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product type: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed-rate:(7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term | 82 | % | 84 | % | 83 | % | 85 | % | 84 | % | 85 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intermediate-term | 17 | 16 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total fixed-rate | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustable-rate | 1 | * | * | * | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of property units: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 unit | 99 | % | 99 | % | 98 | % | 98 | % | 97 | % | 97 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2-4 units | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property type: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Single-family homes | 91 | % | 92 | % | 91 | % | 92 | % | 91 | % | 91 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Condo/Co-op | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy type: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary residence | 95 | % | 92 | % | 93 | % | 93 | % | 90 | % | 90 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second/vacation home | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investor | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan purpose: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase | 39 | % | 32 | % | 32 | % | 31 | % | 36 | % | 38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-out refinance | 26 | 17 | 22 | 19 | 20 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other refinance | 35 | 51 | 46 | 50 | 44 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Geographic concentration:(8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Midwest | 14 | % | 14 | % | 13 | % | 14 | % | 14 | % | 14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northeast | 13 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 16 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 22 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 23 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southwest | 20 | 20 | 18 | 21 | 18 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| West | 31 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 29 | 28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Origination year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2015 and prior | 21 | % | 30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 6 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 4 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 7 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 32 | 38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 27 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Represents less than 0.5% of single-family conventional business volume or guaranty book of business.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 38 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
(1)Second-lien mortgage loans held by third parties are not reflected in the original LTV or the estimated mark-to-market LTV ratios in this table.
(2)Calculated based on the unpaid principal balance of single-family loans for each category at time of acquisition.
(3)Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of single-family loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of the end of each period.
(4)The original LTV ratio generally is based on the original unpaid principal balance of the loan divided by the appraised property value reported to us at the time of acquisition of the loan. Excludes loans for which this information is not readily available.
(5)The aggregate estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is based on the unpaid principal balance of the loan as of the end of each reported period divided by the estimated current value of the property, which we calculate using an internal valuation model that estimates periodic changes in home value. Excludes loans for which this information is not readily available.
(6)Excludes loans for which this information is not readily available.
(7)Long-term fixed-rate consists of mortgage loans with maturities greater than 15 years, while intermediate-term fixed-rate loans have maturities equal to or less than 15 years.
(8)Midwest consists of IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, SD and WI. Northeast consists of CT, DE, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, PR, RI, VT and VI. Southeast consists of AL, DC, FL, GA, KY, MD, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA and WV. Southwest consists of AZ, AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NM, OK, TX and UT. West consists of AK, CA, GU, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA and WY.
Characteristics of our New Single-Family Loan Acquisitions
Over half of our single-family guaranty book of business has been originated since the beginning of 2020 as borrowers took advantage of the historically low rate environment. However, refinancing activity began to taper in the second quarter of 2021 and declined further in the third quarter of 2021, as fewer borrowers could benefit from refinancing. Accordingly, the share of our single-family loan acquisitions consisting of refinance loans rather than home purchase loans decreased in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020. The decline in refinance share led to a decline in the percentage of loans we acquired with a FICO credit score over 740, from 74% in the third quarter of 2020 to 66% in the third quarter of 2021.
Our share of acquisitions of loans with DTI ratios above 45% increased in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020. This increase was driven by the higher share of home purchase acquisitions, which tend to have higher DTI ratios than refinance loan acquisitions.
In the second quarter of 2021, we implemented a new low-income refinance program, referred to as RefiNow™, intended to increase refinancings by low-income borrowers by reducing their refinancing costs. In October 2021, we announced enhancements to help expand the reach of RefiNow to additional creditworthy homeowners, further enabling equitable and sustainable access to homeownership. To be eligible for the RefiNow program as enhanced, borrowers must meet specified criteria, including having:
•a Fannie Mae-backed mortgage secured by a 1-unit, principal residence;
•a current income at or below 100% of the area median income;
•not missed a mortgage payment in the past six months, and no more than one missed mortgage payment in the past 12 months, unless the missed payment was associated with a COVID-19-related forbearance and has been resolved; and
•a mortgage with an LTV ratio up to 97%, a DTI ratio of 65% or less, and a minimum FICO credit score of 620.
For a discussion of factors that may impact the volume and credit characteristics of loans we acquire in the future, see “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Portfolio Diversification and Monitoring” in our 2020 Form 10-K. In this section of our 2020 Form 10-K, we also provide more information on the credit characteristics of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business, including high-balance loans, reverse mortgages and mortgage products with rate resets.
Desktop Underwriter Update
As part of our comprehensive risk management approach, we periodically update our proprietary automated underwriting system, Desktop Underwriter® (“DU®”), to reflect changes to our underwriting and eligibility guidelines. In September 2021, we enhanced DU to include the following updates, among others:
•To help increase homeownership opportunities, we enhanced DU’s eligibility assessment to consider a borrower’s positive rental payment history in the credit risk assessment.
•To support homeownership opportunities for more underserved borrowers, we updated the credit score used by DU in the eligibility assessment. Though credit scores are not an integral part of DU's risk assessment, DU uses credit scores when determining if a loan meets the minimum credit score requirement of 620. For loan applications with multiple borrowers, DU will now use an average median credit score instead of just the lowest credit score.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 39 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
We expect these changes will result in an increase in loans eligible for acquisition through DU. We will continue to closely monitor loan acquisitions and market conditions and, as appropriate, make changes to DU, including its eligibility criteria, to ensure that the loans we acquire are consistent with our risk appetite and mission.
Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk
Our charter generally requires credit enhancement on any single-family conventional mortgage loan that we purchase or securitize if it has an LTV ratio over 80% at the time of purchase. We generally achieve this through primary mortgage insurance. We also use enterprise paid mortgage insurance (“EPMI”), a form of primary mortgage insurance that is acquired by Fannie Mae. Under FHFA guidance, we began our EPMI pilot in 2018. In May 2021, FHFA instructed us to discontinue our EPMI pilot program and in August 2021, we ceased acquiring loans insured with EPMI. We also enter into various other types of transactions in which we transfer mortgage credit risk to third parties.
Our approved monoline mortgage insurers’ financial ability and willingness to pay claims is an important determinant of our overall credit risk exposure. For a discussion of our exposure to and management of the institutional counterparty credit risk associated with the providers of these credit enhancements, see “MD&A—Risk Management—Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management” and “Note 13, Concentrations of Credit Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K and “Risk Management—Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management” and “Note 10, Concentrations of Credit Risk” in this report. Also see “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K and in this report.
Single-Family Loans without Credit Enhancement
The table below displays the primary characteristics of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business currently without credit enhancement.
Single-Family Loans without Credit Enhancement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business | Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Low LTV ratio or short-term(1) | $ | 1,125 | 33 | % | $ | 938 | 29 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Pre-credit risk transfer program inception(2) | 354 | 10 | 462 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Recently acquired(3) | 1,120 | 33 | 934 | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other(4) | 505 | 15 | 286 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Loans in multiple categories | (810) | (24) | (751) | (23) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total single-family loans currently without credit enhancement | $ | 2,294 | 67 | % | $ | 1,869 | 58 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents loans with an LTV ratio less than or equal to 60% or loans with an original maturity of 20 years or less.
(2)Represents loans that were acquired before the inception of our credit risk transfer programs. Also includes Refi PlusTM loans.
(3)Primarily consists of loans that have been acquired in the past 24 months, and have not been included in a reference pool.
(4)Includes adjustable-rate mortgage loans, loans with a combined LTV ratio greater than 97%, non-Refi Plus loans acquired after the inception of our credit risk transfer programs that became 30 or more days delinquent prior to inclusion in a credit risk transfer transaction, and loans that were delinquent as of September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
We did not enter into any new credit risk transfer transactions from April 2020 through September 2021. As a result, the percentage of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business without credit enhancement has increased in recent periods. The percentage of our single-family conventional loans without credit enhancement was 67% and 58% as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 40 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Single-Family Loans with Credit Enhancement
The table below displays information about loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business covered by one or more forms of credit enhancement, including mortgage insurance or a credit risk transfer transaction. For a description of primary mortgage insurance and the other types of credit enhancements specified in the table, see “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Single-Family Loans with Credit Enhancement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business | Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary mortgage insurance and other | $ | 694 | 20 | % | $ | 681 | 21 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut Avenue Securities | 411 | 12 | 608 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit Insurance Risk Transfer | 125 | 4 | 216 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Lender risk-sharing | 80 | 2 | 131 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Loans covered by multiple credit enhancements | (182) | (5) | (304) | (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family loans with credit enhancement | $ | 1,128 | 33 | % | $ | 1,332 | 42 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk
In addition to primary mortgage insurance, our Single-Family business has developed other risk-sharing capabilities to transfer portions of our single-family mortgage credit risk to domestic and international investors and reinsurers in the private market. Our credit risk transfer transactions have been designed to transfer a portion of the losses we expect would be incurred in an economic downturn or a stressed credit environment. As described in “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer Transactions” in our 2020 Form 10-K, we have used primarily three single-family credit risk transfer programs: Connecticut Avenue Securities® (“CAS”), Credit Insurance Risk TransferTM (“CIRTTM”), and lender risk-sharing. At FHFA’s direction, we discontinued entering into new lender risk-sharing transactions as of the end of 2020. We continually evaluate our credit risk transfer transactions, which, in addition to managing our credit risk, also affect our returns on capital.
In October 2021, we entered into new credit risk transfer transactions to transfer mortgage credit risk via both our CAS and CIRT programs. These were the first credit risk transfer transactions we have entered into since the first quarter of 2020. As a result, the percentage of our book that is covered by these transactions has declined from 53% as of March 31, 2020 to 33% as of September 30, 2021. The structure of and extent to which we engage in any additional credit risk transfer transactions in the future may be affected by our capital requirements, the degree of regulatory capital relief provided by the transactions, our risk appetite, the strength of future market conditions, the cost of these transactions, FHFA guidance, and the review of our overall business and capital plan.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 41 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
The table below displays the mortgage credit risk transferred to third parties and retained by Fannie Mae pursuant to our single-family credit risk transfer transactions. The table excludes the credit risk transferred on single-family transactions that have been cancelled or terminated as of September 30, 2021. The risk in force of these transactions, which refers to the maximum amount of losses that could be absorbed by credit risk transfer investors, was approximately $34 billion as of September 30, 2021 compared with $39 billion as of September 30, 2020. Because of the large number of mortgage prepayments in the past year, the first loss retention layer on our credit risk transfer transactions has increased as a percentage of the outstanding reference pool. As a result, losses on the remaining covered reference pools must generally reach a higher percentage of the remaining outstanding balance before those credit risk transfer transactions will pay any benefits. In addition, home price appreciation since we entered into the transactions has reduced the likelihood that we will incur losses on the covered loans large enough to receive a benefit from these transactions.
Outstanding as of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | Senior | Fannie Mae(1) $605 | Outstanding Reference Pool(4)(6) $648 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mezzanine | Fannie Mae(1) $1 | CIRT(2)(3) $9 | CAS(2) $13 | Lender Risk-Sharing(2) $4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Loss | Fannie Mae(1) $8 | CAS(2)(5) $6 | Lender Risk-Sharing(2) $2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Credit risk retained by Fannie Mae in CAS, CIRT and lender risk-sharing transactions. Tranche sizes vary across programs.
(2)Credit risk transferred to third parties. Tranche sizes vary across programs.
(3)Includes mortgage pool insurance transactions covering loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $1.6 billion outstanding as of September 30, 2021.
(4)For CIRT and some lender risk-sharing transactions, “Reference Pool” reflects a pool of covered loans.
(5)For CAS transactions, “First Loss” represents all B tranche balances.
(6)For CAS and some lender risk-sharing transactions, represents outstanding reference pools, not the outstanding unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans. The outstanding unpaid principal balance for all loans covered by credit risk transfer programs, including all loans on which risk has been transferred in lender risk-sharing transactions, was approximately $616 billion as of September 30, 2021.
The following table displays the approximate cash paid or transferred to investors for credit risk transfer transactions outstanding. The cash represents the portion of the guaranty fee paid to investors as compensation for taking on a share of the credit risk.
Credit Risk Transfer Transactions | ||||||||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Cash paid or transferred for: | (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
CAS transactions(1) | $ | 619 | $ | 773 | ||||||||||
| CIRT transactions | 210 | 300 | ||||||||||||
| Lender risk-sharing transactions | 196 | 228 | ||||||||||||
(1)Consists of cash paid for interest expense net of LIBOR on outstanding CAS debt and amounts paid for both CAS REMIC® and CAS Credit-linked notes (“CLN”) transactions.
Cash paid or transferred to investors for CIRT transactions in the first nine months of 2021 includes cancellation fees paid on certain CIRT transactions where we determined that the cost of these deals exceeded the expected remaining benefit.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 42 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Single-Family Problem Loan Management
Our problem loan management strategies focus primarily on reducing defaults to avoid losses that would otherwise occur and pursuing foreclosure alternatives to mitigate the severity of the losses we incur. See “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Problem Loan Management” in our 2020 Form 10-K for a discussion of delinquency statistics on our problem loans, efforts undertaken to manage our problem loans, metrics regarding our loan workout activities, real estate owned (“REO”) management and other single-family credit-related information. The discussion below updates some of that information. We also provide ongoing credit performance information on loans underlying single-family Fannie Mae MBS and loans covered by single-family credit risk transfer transactions. For loans backing Fannie Mae MBS, see the “Forbearance and Delinquency Dashboard” available in the MBS section of our Data Dynamics® tool, which is available at www.fanniemae.com/datadynamics. For loans covered by credit risk transfer transactions, see the “Deal Performance Data” report available in the CAS and CIRT sections of the tool. Information on our website is not incorporated into this report. Information in Data Dynamics may differ from similar measures presented in our financial statements and other public disclosures for a variety of reasons, including as a result of variations in the loan population covered, timing differences in reporting and other factors.
Delinquency
The tables below display the delinquency status of loans and changes in the volume of seriously delinquent loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business based on the number of loans. Single-family seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process, expressed as a percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business based on loan count. Management monitors the single-family serious delinquency rate as an indicator of potential future credit losses and loss mitigation activities. Serious delinquency rates are reflective of our performance in assessing and managing credit risk associated with single-family loans in our guaranty book of business. Typically, higher serious delinquency rates result in a higher allowance for loan losses.
For purposes of our disclosures regarding delinquency status, we report loans receiving COVID-19-related payment forbearance as delinquent according to the contractual terms of the loan. Pursuant to the CARES Act, for purposes of reporting to the credit bureaus, servicers must report a borrower receiving a COVID-19-related payment accommodation during the covered period, such as a forbearance plan or loan modification, as current if the borrower was current prior to receiving the accommodation and the borrower makes all required payments in accordance with the accommodation.
Delinquency Status and Activity of Single-Family Conventional Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Delinquency status: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 to 59 days delinquent | 0.78 | % | 1.02 | % | 1.11 | % | ||||||||||||||
| 60 to 89 days delinquent | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.50 | |||||||||||||||||
| Seriously delinquent (“SDQ”) | 1.62 | 2.87 | 3.20 | |||||||||||||||||
Percentage of SDQ loans that have been delinquent for more than 180 days | 79 | 67 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
Percentage of SDQ loans that have been delinquent for more than two years | 8 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 43 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Single-family SDQ loans (number of loans): | ||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | 495,806 | 112,434 | ||||||||||||
| Additions | 184,352 | 719,100 | ||||||||||||
| Removals: | ||||||||||||||
| Modifications and other loan workouts | (257,632) | (134,266) | ||||||||||||
| Liquidations and sales | (61,187) | (37,801) | ||||||||||||
| Cured or less than 90 days delinquent | (78,322) | (108,058) | ||||||||||||
| Total removals | (397,141) | (280,125) | ||||||||||||
| Ending balance | 283,017 | 551,409 | ||||||||||||
Our single-family serious delinquency rate decreased as of September 30, 2021 compared with December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020 due to the ongoing economic recovery and the decline in the number of our single-family loans in a COVID-19 forbearance plan. As of September 30, 2021, single-family loans in forbearance comprised 56% of our single-family seriously delinquent loans. The percentage of seriously delinquent loans that have been delinquent for more than 180 days increased as of September 30, 2021 compared with September 30, 2020 primarily due to loans that continue to remain in a COVID-19-related forbearance and have become more delinquent.
Our single-family serious delinquency rate excluding loans in forbearance increased to 0.72% as of September 30, 2021 compared to 0.66% as of December 31, 2020 primarily due to loans exiting forbearance without resolving their delinquency. We monitor the single-family serious delinquency rate excluding loans that received a forbearance to better understand the impact that forbearance activity has had on the overall rate and to monitor loans that are seriously delinquent not as a result of COVID-19. We expect the COVID-19 pandemic to result in a continued higher single-family serious delinquency rate over the next several quarters compared with pre-pandemic levels.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 44 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
The table below displays the serious delinquency rates for, and the percentage of our seriously delinquent single-family conventional loans represented by, the specified loan categories. Percentage of book amounts present the unpaid principal balance of loans for each category divided by the unpaid principal balance of our total single-family conventional guaranty book of business. The reported categories are not mutually exclusive.
Single-Family Conventional Seriously Delinquent Loan Concentration Analysis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of Book Outstanding | Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1) | Serious Delinquency Rate | Percentage of Book Outstanding | Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1) | Serious Delinquency Rate | Percentage of Book Outstanding | Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1) | Serious Delinquency Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
States: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| California | 20 | % | 11 | % | 1.38 | % | 19 | % | 12 | % | 2.62 | % | 19 | % | 13 | % | 3.04 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 6 | 8 | 2.11 | 6 | 9 | 4.17 | 6 | 10 | 4.76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Illinois | 3 | 5 | 2.00 | 3 | 5 | 3.10 | 3 | 4 | 3.46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Jersey | 3 | 5 | 2.58 | 3 | 5 | 4.57 | 3 | 5 | 5.31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York | 5 | 8 | 2.92 | 5 | 7 | 4.79 | 5 | 7 | 5.39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other states | 63 | 63 | 1.48 | 64 | 62 | 2.59 | 64 | 61 | 2.85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product type: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A(2) | 1 | 5 | 6.27 | 1 | 5 | 9.32 | 1 | 5 | 9.46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vintages: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2004 and prior | 1 | 10 | 4.25 | 2 | 9 | 5.88 | 2 | 9 | 5.81 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005-2008 | 2 | 15 | 7.21 | 2 | 15 | 9.98 | 3 | 14 | 9.84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009-2021 | 97 | 75 | 1.31 | 96 | 76 | 2.39 | 95 | 77 | 2.74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| <= 60% | 60 | 71 | 1.63 | 52 | 56 | 2.52 | 52 | 54 | 2.70 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60.01% to 70% | 19 | 16 | 1.78 | 17 | 18 | 3.73 | 17 | 18 | 4.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 70.01% to 80% | 14 | 9 | 1.53 | 18 | 14 | 3.05 | 18 | 15 | 3.66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 80.01% to 90% | 5 | 3 | 1.08 | 9 | 9 | 4.17 | 9 | 10 | 4.98 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90.01% to 100% | 2 | 1 | 0.77 | 4 | 2 | 1.85 | 4 | 2 | 3.05 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 100% | * | * | 16.04 | * | 1 | 22.43 | * | 1 | 21.74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit enhanced:(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary MI & other(4) | 20 | 28 | 2.64 | 21 | 27 | 4.36 | 21 | 26 | 4.73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit risk transfer(5) | 18 | 33 | 2.66 | 30 | 37 | 3.69 | 35 | 37 | 3.79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-credit enhanced | 67 | 53 | 1.26 | 58 | 51 | 2.36 | 55 | 51 | 2.73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
*Represents less than 0.5% of single-family conventional guaranty book of business.
(1)Calculated based on the number of single-family loans that were seriously delinquent for each category divided by the total number of single-family conventional loans that were seriously delinquent.
(2)For a description of our Alt-A loan classification criteria, see “MD&A—Glossary of Terms Used in This Report” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
(3)The credit-enhanced categories are not mutually exclusive. A loan with primary mortgage insurance that is also covered by a credit risk transfer transaction will be included in both the “Primary MI & other” category and the “Credit risk transfer” category. As a result, the “Credit enhanced” and “Non-credit enhanced” categories do not sum to 100%. The total percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business with some form of credit enhancement as of September 30, 2021 was 33%.
(4)Refers to loans included in an agreement used to reduce credit risk by requiring primary mortgage insurance, collateral, letters of credit, corporate guarantees, or other agreements to provide an entity with some assurance that it will be compensated to some degree in the event of a financial loss. Excludes loans covered by credit risk transfer transactions unless such loans are also covered by primary mortgage insurance.
(5)Refers to loans included in reference pools for credit risk transfer transactions, including loans in these transactions that are also covered by primary mortgage insurance. For CAS and some lender risk-sharing transactions, this represents outstanding unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans on the single-family mortgage credit book, not the outstanding reference pool, as of the specified date. Loans included in our credit risk transfer transactions have all been acquired since 2009.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 45 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Single-Family Loans in Forbearance
As a part of our relief programs, we have authorized our servicers to permit payment forbearance to borrowers experiencing a COVID-19-related financial hardship for up to 12 months without regard to the delinquency status of the loan, and for borrowers already in forbearance as of February 28, 2021, for a total of up to 18 months, provided that the forbearance does not result in the loan becoming greater than 18 months delinquent. We estimate that, through September 30, 2021, approximately 8% of the single-family loans, based on loan count, of our conventional guaranty book of business as of March 31, 2020, have been in a COVID-19-related forbearance at some point between then and September 30, 2021 (referred to as our “single-family cumulative forbearance take-up rate”). Based on our expectations regarding the economic recovery, which we discuss in “Key Market Economic Indicators,” we believe that the substantial majority of borrowers who will ultimately request COVID-19-related relief have already done so.
As shown in the tables below, many of the loans that entered forbearance have since exited; therefore, the percentage of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business in forbearance as of September 30, 2021 has declined to 1.2%. Some borrowers whose loans are in forbearance continue to make payments according to the original contractual terms of the loan notwithstanding the forbearance arrangement; we expect some of these borrowers will continue to do so and therefore remain current. The table below provides information on the delinquency and accrual status of our single-family loans in forbearance. We expect many of the loans in forbearance will resolve their delinquency through a payment deferral or other form of loan workout. As discussed below, servicers are required to contact borrowers prior to the end of forbearance to evaluate them for loan workout options that can support their successful transition out of forbearance.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 46 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
We continue to accrue interest income on a majority of our single-family loans in forbearance because we have determined that collection of principal and interest on these loans is reasonably assured. For information on our nonaccrual policy for loans negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
Delinquency and Accrual Status of Single-Family Loans in Forbearance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Unpaid Principal Balance(1) | Percentage of Loans in Forbearance(2) | Percentage of Loans on Accrual Status(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Delinquency status: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | 19,724 | $ | 3,701 | 10 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 to 59 days delinquent | 15,494 | 2,966 | 7 | 96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60 to 89 days delinquent | 12,579 | 2,449 | 6 | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seriously delinquent: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90 to 180 days delinquent | 35,032 | 7,074 | 17 | 82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 180+ days delinquent | 123,464 | 26,011 | 60 | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total seriously delinquent | 158,496 | 33,085 | 77 | 77 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans in forbearance(3) | 206,293 | $ | 42,201 | 100 | % | 81 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of single-family conventional guaranty book of business | 1.2 | % | 1.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Unpaid Principal Balance(1) | Percentage of Loans in Forbearance(2) | Percentage of Loans on Accrual Status(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Delinquency status: | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | 64,159 | $ | 12,110 | 12 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 to 59 days delinquent | 40,653 | 7,672 | 8 | 97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60 to 89 days delinquent | 35,107 | 6,658 | 7 | 85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seriously delinquent: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90 to 180 days delinquent | 126,611 | 24,961 | 24 | 85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 180+ days delinquent | 258,025 | 56,379 | 49 | 82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total seriously delinquent | 384,636 | 81,340 | 73 | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans in forbearance(3) | 524,555 | $ | 107,780 | 100 | % | 86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of single-family conventional guaranty book of business | 3.0 | % | 3.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Does not reflect a valuation allowance recorded on the unpaid principal balance of loans in forbearance of $452 million and $1.8 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2)Based on loan count.
(3)Amortized cost of these loans was $43.7 billion and $110.4 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
As of September 30, 2021, the vast majority of our single-family conventional loans in forbearance were due to borrowers experiencing a COVID-19-related financial hardship. We expect the number of single-family loans in forbearance to remain elevated through 2021 compared with pre-pandemic levels. However we expect the number of loans in forbearance to continue to decrease into 2022 as borrowers resolve their forbearance or as the forbearance period ends.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 47 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
The table below provides information on the credit profile of our single-family loans in forbearance with select higher-risk characteristics. While the credit profile of our single-family loans in forbearance is weaker than the overall credit profile of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business, only 1% of our single-family loans in forbearance with a mark-to-market LTV ratio over 80% are not covered by mortgage insurance.
Select Higher-Risk Characteristics of Single-Family Loans in Forbearance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2021 | As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Percentage of Unpaid Principal Balance in Forbearance | Number of Loans | Percentage of Unpaid Principal Balance in Forbearance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans in forbearance with certain higher-risk characteristics:(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio > 80% | 7,938 | 5 | % | 62,144 | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio > 80% without mortgage insurance | 1,005 | 1 | 6,811 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DTI ratio > 43% | 78,047 | 41 | 201,354 | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FICO credit score at origination < 680 | 64,730 | 27 | 159,017 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The higher-risk categories are not mutually exclusive.
As a part of our loss mitigation efforts, servicers must attempt to contact the borrower no later than 30 days before the end of the forbearance period to evaluate them for a workout option after the forbearance period. Those options include:
•a reinstatement (where the borrower repays all of the missed payments at one time);
•a repayment plan (where the borrower repays the missed payments over time);
•a payment deferral (where the borrower defers the missed payments to the end of the loan term, or to when the loan is refinanced, the property is sold or the loan is otherwise paid off before the end of the loan term); or
•a modification of the loan terms so that the borrower may be brought current, which typically results in the borrower making reduced monthly contractual payments over a longer period of time.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 48 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
The table below displays the status as of the current period-end of the single-family loans in our guaranty book of business that received a forbearance in 2020 or 2021. The vast majority of these forbearance arrangements were offered to borrowers who experienced a COVID-19-related financial hardship. Many of these borrowers have successfully resolved their forbearance arrangement, primarily through payment deferral or reinstatement. In addition, many of the loans that received a forbearance arrangement have subsequently liquidated, primarily as a result of refinancing, through the first nine months of 2021. By contrast, we expect that a higher percentage of loans that have yet to resolve their forbearance will receive a modification.
As of September 30, 2021, 95% of loans that received a forbearance and subsequently received a payment deferral were current, and 89% of loans that received a forbearance and subsequently received a completed modification were current. See “Loan Workout Metrics” for additional information about actions we have taken to help reinstate loans to current status.
Status of Single-Family Forbearance Loans | |||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Percentage of Loans with Forbearance by Category | ||||||||||||||||
Loans that received a forbearance, by status:(1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Active forbearance | 206,293 | 15 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Payment deferral | 359,233 | 26 | |||||||||||||||
Modification(2) | 41,843 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
Reinstated(3) | 311,328 | 22 | |||||||||||||||
Delinquent at time of exit or repayment plan(4) | 60,823 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
| Total loans that received a forbearance in our single-family guaranty book of business | 979,520 | 70 | |||||||||||||||
| Loans that have received a forbearance, but paid off | 415,578 | 30 | |||||||||||||||
Total loans that have received a forbearance(5) | 1,395,098 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||
(1)Loans are classified based on their status as of period end; therefore, loans may move from one category to another.
(2)Includes loans that are in trial modifications.
(3)Represents loans that are no longer in forbearance but are current according to the original terms of the loan. Also includes loans that remained current throughout the forbearance arrangement and continue to perform.
(4)Consists of 54,915 loans that were delinquent upon the expiration of the forbearance arrangement and 5,908 delinquent loans that exited forbearance through a repayment plan.
(5)Includes 5,415 loans that were in forbearance as of January 1, 2020.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 49 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
The table below displays the status as of December 31, 2020 for single-family loans in our guaranty book of business that received a forbearance in 2020. As of December 31, 2020, 96% of loans that received a forbearance and subsequently received a payment deferral were current and 83% of loans that received a forbearance and subsequently received a completed modification were current.
Status of Single-Family Forbearance Loans | ||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Percentage of Loans with Forbearance by Category | |||||||||||||
Loans that received a forbearance, by status:(1) | ||||||||||||||
| Active forbearance | 524,555 | 40 | % | |||||||||||
| Payment deferral | 220,414 | 17 | ||||||||||||
Modification(2) | 13,277 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Reinstated(3) | 337,086 | 26 | ||||||||||||
Delinquent at time of exit or repayment plan(4) | 45,655 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Total loans that received a forbearance in our single-family guaranty book of business | 1,140,987 | 87 | ||||||||||||
| Loans that have received a forbearance, but paid off | 167,388 | 13 | ||||||||||||
Total loans that have received a forbearance(5) | 1,308,375 | 100 | % | |||||||||||
(1)Loans are classified based on their status as of period end; therefore, loans may move from one category to another.
(2)Includes loans that are in trial modifications.
(3)Represents loans that are no longer in forbearance but are current according to the original terms of the loan. Also includes loans that remained current throughout the forbearance arrangement and continue to perform.
(4)Consists of 40,401 loans that were delinquent upon the expiration of the forbearance arrangement and 5,254 delinquent loans that exited forbearance through a repayment plan.
(5)Includes 5,415 loans that were in forbearance as of January 1, 2020.
Accrued Interest Receivable, Net on Single-Family Loans in Forbearance
For loans negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to recognize interest income at the current contractual yield for up to six months of delinquency provided that the loans were either current at March 1, 2020 or originated after March 1, 2020. We continue to accrue interest income beyond six months of delinquency provided that the collection of principal and interest continues to be reasonably assured. Our evaluation of whether the collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured considers the probability of default and the current value of the collateral. Once the forbearance period has ended, we will also consider the extent to which the borrower and the servicer have agreed to any of the loss mitigation options that are available. We then measure an allowance for expected credit losses on the unpaid accrued interest receivable balances such that the balance sheet reflects the net amount of interest we expect to collect. The application of our nonaccrual policy for loans negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a large portion of delinquent loans, including those in forbearance, remaining on accrual status. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2020 Form 10-K and “Note 3, Mortgage Loans” in this report for additional information about our nonaccrual accounting policy. See also “Risk Factors—COVID-19 Pandemic Risk” in this report for a discussion of credit risk and the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 50 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Under our nonaccrual accounting policy for loans negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, our allowance for accrued interest receivable considers both the loan’s principal and accrued interest receivable balances as well as any proceeds that are expected from contractually attached mortgage insurance when assessing collectability. Our assessment of collectability requires significant management judgment; as a result, our allowance for accrued interest receivable is subject to the same review processes, as well as other established governance and controls, used for our allowance for loan losses. Our allowance for accrued interest receivable on single-family loans in forbearance decreased as of September 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020, primarily as a result of loans exiting forbearance as well as record home price appreciation in the first nine months of 2021. The table below displays an aging analysis of our accrued interest receivable, net of allowance on single-family loans that are in a forbearance plan.
Aging of Accrued Interest Receivable, Net of Allowance on Single-Family Loans in Forbearance | ||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2021 | As of December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
| Aging analysis of accrued interest receivable: | ||||||||||||||
| Current | $ | 9 | $ | 32 | ||||||||||
| 30 to 59 days delinquent | 17 | 46 | ||||||||||||
| 60 to 89 days delinquent | 19 | 55 | ||||||||||||
| Seriously delinquent: | ||||||||||||||
| 90 to 180 days delinquent | 95 | 377 | ||||||||||||
| 180+ days delinquent | 981 | 1,427 | ||||||||||||
| Total accrued interest receivable | 1,121 | 1,937 | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for accrued interest receivable | (67) | (173) | ||||||||||||
| Total accrued interest receivable, net | $ | 1,054 | $ | 1,764 | ||||||||||
Principal and Interest Payments while Loans are in Forbearance
While a loan is in forbearance and remains in an MBS trust, investors in the MBS are entitled to continue to receive principal and interest payments on the MBS even though the borrower is not required to make principal and interest payments. For the majority of loans in our single-family guaranty book of business, our Single-Family Servicing Guide used to require servicers to advance missed scheduled principal and interest payments to the MBS trusts until the loans were purchased from the MBS trusts, including the portion of interest that represents guaranty fees owed to us. Because we typically do not purchase loans from MBS trusts while they are in forbearance, this servicer payment obligation could have continued for the entirety of the forbearance plan. Beginning in August 2020, at FHFA’s instruction, we reduced our single-family servicers’ obligations to advance these missed borrower payments and only require servicers to advance missed scheduled principal and interest payments on a loan for the first four months of missed borrower payments. After four months, we make the missed scheduled principal and interest payments to the MBS trust for payment to MBS holders so long as the loan remains in the MBS trust. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, we advanced $375 million and $1.5 billion, respectively, in missed borrower principal and interest payments to MBS trusts for payment to MBS holders, compared with $458 million in missed borrower principal and interest payments for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020. Since FHFA’s instruction in August of 2020 through September 30, 2021, we have advanced $2.7 billion in missed borrower principal and interest payments. See “Retained Mortgage Portfolio” in this report for a description of when we purchase loans from single-family MBS trusts.
Loan Workout Metrics
As a part of our credit risk management efforts, loan workouts represent actions we take to help reinstate loans to current status and help homeowners stay in their home or to otherwise avoid foreclosure. Our loan workouts reflect various types of home retention solutions, including repayment plans, payment deferrals, and loan modifications. Our loan workouts also include foreclosure alternatives, such as short sales and deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 51 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
The chart below displays the unpaid principal balance of our completed single-family loan workouts by type, as well as the number of loan workouts, for the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2021. This table does not include loans in an active forbearance arrangement, trial modifications, loans to certain borrowers who have received bankruptcy relief that are classified as troubled debt restructurings, and repayment plans that have been initiated but not completed.
(1)There were approximately 19,000 loans and 13,600 loans in a trial modification period that was not complete as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2)Includes repayment plans and foreclosure alternatives and excludes completed forbearance arrangements. Repayment plans reflect only those plans associated with loans that were 60 days or more delinquent.
The increase in home retention solutions in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020 was primarily driven by completed COVID-19-related payment deferrals, which have been the primary loan workout solution for borrowers exiting COVID-19-related forbearance. The total amount of principal and interest deferred to the end of the loan term for single-family loans that received a payment deferral was $2.9 billion for the first nine months of 2021 compared with $720 million for the first nine months of 2020.
Given the broad impact of the pandemic and the number of loans in forbearance, we expect loan workout activity to remain elevated throughout 2021 and into 2022.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 52 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
REO Management
If a loan defaults, we may acquire the property through foreclosure or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. The table below displays our REO activity by region. Regional REO acquisition trends generally follow a pattern that is similar to, but lags, that of regional delinquency trends.
| Single-Family REO Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Single-family REO properties (number of properties): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning of period inventory of single-family REO properties(1) | 7,973 | 17,501 | ||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions by geographic area:(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Midwest | 755 | 1,298 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Northeast | 780 | 1,104 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 743 | 1,572 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Southwest | 389 | 862 | ||||||||||||||||||
| West | 159 | 381 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total REO acquisitions(1) | 2,826 | 5,217 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dispositions of REO | (4,245) | (13,146) | ||||||||||||||||||
End of period inventory of single-family REO properties(1) | 6,554 | 9,572 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value of single-family REO properties (dollars in millions) | $ | 956 | $ | 1,347 | ||||||||||||||||
Single-family foreclosure rate(3) | 0.02 | % | 0.04 | % | ||||||||||||||||
REO net sales price to unpaid principal balance(4) | 110 | % | 86 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Short sales net sales price to unpaid principal balance(5) | 83 | % | 80 | % | ||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes held-for-use properties, which are reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as a component of “Other assets.”
(2)See footnote 8 to the “Key Risk Characteristics of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume and Guaranty Book of Business” table for states included in each geographic region.
(3)Estimated based on the annualized total number of properties acquired through foreclosure or deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure as a percentage of the total number of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of the end of each period.
(4)Calculated as the amount of sale proceeds received on disposition of REO properties during the respective periods, excluding those subject to repurchase requests made to our sellers or servicers, divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the related loans at the time of foreclosure. Net sales price represents the contract sales price less selling costs for the property and other charges paid by the seller at closing.
(5)Calculated as the amount of sale proceeds received on properties sold in short sale transactions during the respective periods divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the related loans. Net sales price includes borrower relocation incentive payments and subordinate lien(s) negotiated payoffs.
In response to the pandemic and with instruction from FHFA, we prohibited our servicers from completing foreclosures on our single-family loans through July 31, 2021, except in the case of vacant or abandoned properties. In addition, as described in “Single-Family Acquisition and Servicing Policies and Underwriting and Servicing Standards—COVID-19 Servicing Policies,” our servicers are required to comply with a CFPB rule that prohibits certain new single-family foreclosures on mortgage loans secured by the borrower’s principal residence until after December 31, 2021. As a result, foreclosure volumes were lower through the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020. We expect foreclosure volumes to gradually increase in 2022.
Other Single-Family Credit Information
Single-Family Credit Loss Metrics and Loan Sale Performance
The single-family credit loss metrics and loan sale performance measures below present information about losses or gains we realized on our single-family loans during the periods presented. The amount of these losses or gains in a given period is driven by foreclosures, pre-foreclosure sales, post-foreclosure REO activity, mortgage loan redesignations, and other events that trigger write-offs and recoveries. The single-family credit loss metrics we present are not defined terms and may not be calculated in the same manner as similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Management uses these measures to evaluate the effectiveness of our single-family credit risk management strategies in conjunction with leading indicators such as serious delinquency and forbearance rates, which
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 53 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
are potential indicators of future realized single-family credit losses. We believe these measures provide useful information about our single-family credit performance and the factors that impact it.
The table below displays the components of our single-family credit loss metrics and loan sale performance.
Single-Family Credit Loss Metrics and Loan Sale Performance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs | $ | (7) | $ | (35) | $ | (30) | $ | (150) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Recoveries | 137 | 7 | 221 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreclosed property expense | (80) | (64) | (91) | (145) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit gains (losses) | 50 | (92) | 100 | (269) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs on the redesignation of mortgage loans from HFI to HFS(1) | (47) | (227) | (247) | (236) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains on sales and other valuation adjustments(2) | 215 | 486 | 850 | 407 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net credit gains (losses), write-offs on redesignations and gains (losses) on sales and other valuation adjustments | $ | 218 | $ | 167 | $ | 703 | $ | (98) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Credit (gain) loss ratio (in bps)(3) | (0.6) | 1.2 | (0.4) | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net credit (gains), write-offs on redesignations and (gains) losses on sales and other valuation adjustments ratio (in bps)(3) | (2.6) | (2.2) | (2.8) | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Consists of the lower of cost or fair value adjustment at time of redesignation.
(2)Consists of gains or losses realized on the sales of nonperforming and reperforming mortgage loans during the period and temporary lower-of-cost-or-market adjustments on HFS loans, which are recognized in “Investment gains, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
(3)Calculated based on the annualized amount of “Credit (gain) losses” and “Net credit gains (losses), write-offs on redesignations and gains (losses) on sales and other valuation adjustments” divided by the average single-family conventional guaranty book of business during the period.
We had higher write-offs on the redesignation of mortgage loans as well as increased single-family gains on sales and other valuation adjustments for the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020, primarily due to a higher volume of nonperforming and reperforming loans sales in 2021 than in 2020. This increase in volume was primarily due to our having suspended new sales of reperforming and nonperforming loans in the second quarter of 2020.
However, our suspension of nonperforming and reperforming loan sales in the second quarter of 2020 led to an elevated level of reperforming loans sales in the third quarter of 2020, when we resumed these sales. As a result, in the third quarter of 2021 we had fewer reperforming loan sales than in the third quarter of 2020, which resulted in lower write-offs on the redesignation of mortgage loans as well as decreased single-family gains on sales and other valuation adjustments for the third quarter of 2021 as compared with the third quarter of 2020.
We do not expect a substantial increase in our realized single-family credit losses in the near term as a result of COVID-19 because we expect limited foreclosure activity during the remainder of 2021 due in part to the CFPB rule which prohibits certain new single-family foreclosures on mortgage loans secured by the borrower’s principal residence until after December 31, 2021. See “Risk Factors” in this report for additional information on the potential credit risk impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
For information on our credit-related income or expense, which includes changes in our allowance, see “Consolidated Results of Operations—Credit-Related Income (Expense)” and “Single-Family Business Financial Results.”
Single-Family Loss Reserves
Our single-family loss reserves, which include our allowance for loan losses and the related accrued interest receivable, and our reserve for guaranty losses, provide for an estimate of credit losses in our single-family guaranty book of business.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 54 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
The table below summarizes the changes in our single-family loss reserves, excluding credit losses on our AFS securities. For a discussion of changes in our single-family benefit or provision for credit losses see “Consolidated Results of Operations—Credit-Related Income (Expense).”
Single-Family Loss Reserves | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in loss reserves: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | (6,244) | $ | (11,788) | $ | (9,573) | $ | (8,779) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Transition impact of the adoption of the CECL standard | — | — | — | (1,231) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for credit losses | 885 | 542 | 4,100 | (1,409) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs | 54 | 262 | 277 | 386 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recoveries | (137) | (7) | (221) | (26) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | (8) | 23 | (33) | 91 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | (5,450) | $ | (10,968) | $ | (5,450) | $ | (10,968) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs, net of recoveries annualized, as a percentage of the average single-family conventional guaranty book of business (in bps) | (1.0) | 3.3 | 0.2 | 1.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss reserves as a percentage of single-family(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conventional guaranty book of business | 0.16 | % | 0.30 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio > 80% | 2.29 | 2.41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nonaccrual loans at amortized cost | 22.69 | 34.63 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Calculated as single-family loss reserves divided by, as indicated, “Conventional guaranty book of business,” “Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio > 80%” or “Nonaccrual loans at amortized cost.”
Our loss reserves and loss reserves as a percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business decreased in the first nine months of 2021 primarily as a result of a benefit for credit losses. See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Credit-Related Income (Expense)” in this report for information on the primary factors that contributed to our single-family benefit for credit losses in the first nine months of 2021.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 55 | |||||||
| MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Troubled Debt Restructurings and Nonaccrual Loans
The table below displays the single-family loans classified as TDRs that were on accrual status and single-family loans on nonaccrual status. The table includes our amortized cost in HFI and HFS single-family mortgage loans, as well as interest income forgone and recognized for on-balance sheet TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans. For more information on TDRs and nonaccrual loans, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
| Single-Family TDRs on Accrual Status and Nonaccrual Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
TDRs on accrual status | $ | 56,240 | $ | 69,503 | |||||||||||||||||||
Nonaccrual loans | 24,021 | 27,643 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans | $ | 80,261 | $ | 97,146 | |||||||||||||||||||
Accruing on-balance sheet loans past due 90 days or more(1) | $ | 37,668 | $ | 77,181 | |||||||||||||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest related to on-balance sheet TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income forgone(2) | $ | 866 | $ | 1,143 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest income recognized(3) | 2,142 | 2,921 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes loans that, as of the end of each period, are 90 days or more past due and continuing to accrue interest. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, a large majority of these loans had a COVID-19-related forbearance.
(2)Represents the amount of interest income we did not recognize, but would have recognized during the period, for nonaccrual loans and TDRs on accrual status held as of the end of each period had the loans performed according to their original contractual terms.
(3)Primarily includes amounts accrued while the loans were performing, including the amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments, and cash payments received on nonaccrual loans held as of the end of each period.
We continue to account for eligible COVID-19-related loss mitigation activities as permitted under the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, which provide relief from TDR accounting and disclosure requirements for our forbearance plans and loan modifications. As a result, the balance of TDRs on accrual status remains lower as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 compared with pre-pandemic levels. In addition, loan sales in the first nine months of 2021 contributed to the further decline in TDRs on accrual status as of September 30, 2021, compared with December 31, 2020. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2020 Form 10-K for more information on the relief from TDR accounting and disclosure requirements.
Under our nonaccrual policy for loans negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to recognize interest income at the current contractual yield for up to six months of delinquency provided that the loans were either current at March 1, 2020 or originated after March 1, 2020. We continue to accrue interest income beyond six months of delinquency provided that the collection of principal and interest continues to be reasonably assured according to our nonaccrual policy. This has resulted in a large portion of loans in forbearance remaining on accrual status. However, as more borrowers resolve their forbearance arrangement, primarily through a payment deferral, the balance of loans accruing on-balance sheet that were past due 90 days or more as of September 30, 2021 compared with December 31, 2020 has declined. For additional information on our accounting policy for nonaccrual loans, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
Multifamily Business
Our Multifamily business provides mortgage market liquidity primarily for properties with five or more residential units, which may be apartment communities, cooperative properties, seniors housing, dedicated student housing or manufactured housing communities.
This section supplements and updates information regarding our Multifamily business segment in our 2020 Form 10-K. See “MD&A—Multifamily Business” in our 2020 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the primary business activities, customers, competition and market share of our Multifamily business.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 56 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Market | ||||||||
Multifamily Mortgage Market
Multifamily market fundamentals, which include factors such as vacancy rates and rents, remained resilient during the third quarter of 2021, due to pent up demand for multifamily housing stemming from a rebounding economy, including increasing job growth and rising wages, as well as the slowing but continued rollout of vaccinations across the country. In addition, payments from the Emergency Rental Assistance program appear to be helping some renters pay their rent.
•Vacancy rates. Based on preliminary third-party data, the estimated national multifamily vacancy rate for institutional investment-type apartment properties as of September 30, 2021 decreased to 5.0% compared with 5.5% as of June 30, 2021, and 5.8% as of September 30, 2020. The estimated national multifamily vacancy rate remains below its estimated average rate of about 6.0% over the last ten years.
•Rents. Effective rents are estimated to have increased by 3.5% during the third quarter of 2021 compared with an increase of 3.0% during the second quarter of 2021 and a decrease of 0.3% during the third quarter of 2020.
Vacancy rates and rents are important to loan performance because multifamily loans are generally repaid from the cash flows generated by the underlying properties. Several years of strengthening in these fundamentals helped to increase property values in most metropolitan areas, even over the past year despite pressures from the pandemic. Based on preliminary multifamily property sales data, transaction volumes in the first eight months of 2021 are far ahead of previous years’ levels, with capitalization rates remaining low but stable. We believe this is due to property owners benefiting from strong fundamentals, and commercial real estate investors remaining interested in the multifamily sector over the long term.
Multifamily construction underway remains elevated, with more than 470,000 units expected to be delivered in 2021, compared with the estimated 403,000 new multifamily units that were completed in 2020.
We expect the multifamily sector to benefit from an improving economy and continued job growth, but with rent growth returning to more normalized levels over the coming months.
Multifamily Business Metrics
Through the secondary mortgage market, we support rental housing for the workforce population, for senior citizens and students, and for families with the greatest economic need. Over 90% of the multifamily units we financed in the third quarter of 2021 were affordable to families earning at or below 120% of the median income in their area, providing support for both workforce housing and affordable housing.
Multifamily New Business Volume
(Dollars in billions)
(1)Reflects unpaid principal balance of multifamily Fannie Mae MBS issued, multifamily loans purchased, and credit enhancements provided on multifamily mortgage assets during the period.
FHFA established a 2021 multifamily volume cap of $70 billion in new business volume over the four-quarter period from January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021. FHFA also required that at least 50% of our 2021 multifamily business volume must be mission-driven, focused on specified affordable and underserved market segments. Furthermore, FHFA’s 2021 multifamily volume cap requires that a minimum of 20% of our multifamily business volume in 2021 must be affordable to residents at 60% of area median income or below. Multifamily business that meets the minimum 20% requirement also counts as meeting the minimum 50% requirement. In October 2021, FHFA announced that the multifamily loan purchase cap for 2022 will be $78 billion. As in 2021, a minimum of 50% of loan purchases must be mission-driven, focused on specified affordable and underserved market segments. In addition, 25% of loan purchases must be affordable to residents earning 60% or less of area median income, up from the 20% requirement in 2021.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 57 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Business Metrics | ||||||||
An independent $80 billion limit on our acquisition of multifamily mortgage assets in any 52-week period was established in January 2021 and temporarily suspended in September 2021 under letter agreements in connection with our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury. That limit also requires that at least 50% of our multifamily acquisitions in any calendar year must be classified as mission-driven. The September 2021 letter agreement provides that the suspension of this restriction will terminate on the later of one year after the date of the agreement and six months after Treasury notifies us. For additional information on the September 2021 letter agreement, see “Legislation and Regulation—Letter Agreement with Treasury.” The $70 billion multifamily volume cap in 2021 and $78 billion multifamily volume cap in 2022, and the mission-related requirements established by FHFA, remain in effect. For information on how conservatorship may affect our business activities, see “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Presentation of Our Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business
For purposes of the information reported in this “Multifamily Business” section, we measure our multifamily guaranty book of business using the unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS. By contrast, the multifamily guaranty book of business presented in the “Composition of Fannie Mae Guaranty Book of Business” table in the “Guaranty Book of Business” section is based on the unpaid principal balance of Fannie Mae MBS outstanding, rather than the unpaid principal balance of the underlying mortgage loans. These amounts differ primarily as a result of payments we receive on underlying loans that have not yet been remitted to the MBS holders.
Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business
(Dollars in billions)
(1)Our multifamily guaranty book of business primarily consists of multifamily mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS outstanding, multifamily mortgage loans of Fannie Mae held in our retained mortgage portfolio, and other credit enhancements that we provide on multifamily mortgage assets. It does not include non-Fannie Mae multifamily mortgage-related securities held in our retained mortgage portfolio for which we do not provide a guaranty.
Average charged guaranty fee represents our effective revenue rate relative to the size of our multifamily guaranty book of business. Management uses this metric to assess the return we earn as compensation for the multifamily credit risk we manage. Average charged guaranty fee increased in the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020 due to increased pricing on new multifamily business. While our multifamily guaranty fee pricing is primarily based on the individual credit risk characteristics of the loans we acquire, it is also influenced by market forces such as the availability of other sources of liquidity, our mission-related goals, the FHFA volume cap and the management of our overall portfolio composition.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 58 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Business Financial Results | ||||||||
Multifamily Business Financial Results(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | Variance | 2021 | 2020 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 1,102 | $ | 786 | $ | 316 | $ | 2,913 | $ | 2,430 | $ | 483 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and other income | 25 | 20 | 5 | 73 | 65 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | 1,127 | 806 | 321 | 2,986 | 2,495 | 491 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value gains (losses), net | 14 | (83) | 97 | (2) | 113 | (115) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | (125) | (128) | 3 | (377) | (377) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit-related income (expense)(2) | 61 | (48) | 109 | 174 | (699) | 873 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit enhancement expense(3) | (59) | (51) | (8) | (172) | (164) | (8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(4) | (14) | — | (14) | (16) | 195 | (211) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expenses), net(5) | 14 | 64 | (50) | (14) | 47 | (61) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before federal income taxes | 1,018 | 560 | 458 | 2,579 | 1,610 | 969 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for federal income taxes | (201) | (100) | (101) | (518) | (312) | (206) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 817 | $ | 460 | $ | 357 | $ | 2,061 | $ | 1,298 | $ | 763 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)See “Note 9, Segment Reporting” for information about our segment allocation methodology.
(2)Consists of the benefit or provision for credit losses and foreclosed property income or expense.
(3)Primarily consists of costs associated with our MCIRTTM and Multifamily Connecticut Avenue SecuritiesTM (“MCASTM”) programs as well as amortization expense for certain lender risk-sharing programs.
(4)Consists of change in benefits recognized from our freestanding credit enhancements that primarily relates to our Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS®”) lender risk-sharing.
(5)Consists of investment gains or losses, gains or losses from partnership investments, debt extinguishment gains or loss, and other income or expenses.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 compared with the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 primarily due to higher guaranty fee income as a result of an increase in our multifamily guaranty book of business combined with an increase in average charged guaranty fees and higher yield maintenance revenue related to the prepayment of multifamily loans.
Credit-Related Income (Expense)
Credit-related income for the third quarter and first nine months of 2021 was primarily driven by a benefit from actual and projected economic data and lower expected losses resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Credit-related expense for the third quarter of 2020 was primarily driven by provision for credit losses on a seniors housing portfolio that was written off, partially offset by a lower estimated multifamily cumulative forbearance take-up rate, which reduced the losses we expected to incur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic from our prior estimate.
Credit-related expense for the first nine months of 2020 was primarily driven by an increase in our allowance for loan losses due to losses we expected to incur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Credit-Related Income (Expense)” in this report for more information on our multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses.
Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management
This section updates our discussion of multifamily mortgage credit risk management in our 2020 Form 10-K in “MD&A—Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management.” For an overview of key elements of our mortgage credit risk management, see “Business—Managing Mortgage Credit Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 59 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Multifamily Acquisition Policy and Underwriting Standards
Our standards for multifamily loans specify maximum original LTV ratio and minimum original debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”) values that vary based on loan characteristics. Our experience has been that original LTV ratio and DSCR values have been reliable indicators of future credit performance. At underwriting, we evaluate the DSCR based on both actual and underwritten debt service payments. The original DSCR is calculated using the underwritten debt service payments for the loan, which assumes both principal and interest payments, rather than the actual debt service payments. Depending on the loan’s interest rate and structure, using the underwritten debt service payments may result in a more conservative estimate of the debt service payments (for example, loans with an interest-only period). This approach is used for all loans, including those with full and partial interest-only terms.
To address possible fluctuations in borrower income and expenses resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, we instituted additional reserve requirements in 2020 for certain new multifamily loan acquisitions depending on the product type, LTV ratio and DSCR. We rescinded these temporary COVID-related reserve requirements as of May 2021.
| Key Risk Characteristics of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average original LTV ratio | 65 | % | 66 | % | 66 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Original LTV ratio greater than 80% | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Original DSCR less than or equal to 1.10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full term interest-only loans | 32 | 30 | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partial term interest-only loans(1) | 51 | 51 | 51 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Consists of mortgage loans that were underwritten with an interest-only term, regardless of whether the loan is currently in its interest-only period.
We provide additional information on the credit characteristics of our multifamily loans in quarterly financial supplements, which we furnish to the SEC with current reports on Form 8-K. Information in our quarterly financial supplements is not incorporated by reference into this report.
Transfer of Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk
Lender risk-sharing is a cornerstone of our Multifamily business. We primarily transfer risk through our Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS®”) program, which delegates to DUS lenders the ability to underwrite and service multifamily loans, in accordance with our standards and requirements. DUS lenders receive credit risk-related revenues for their respective portion of credit risk retained, and, in turn, are required to fulfill any loss-sharing obligation. This aligns the interests of the lender and Fannie Mae throughout the life of the loan. We monitor the capital resources and loss sharing capacity of our DUS lenders on an ongoing basis.
Our DUS model typically results in our lenders sharing approximately one-third of the credit risk on our multifamily loans, either on a pro-rata or tiered basis. Lenders who share on a tiered basis cover loan-level credit losses up to the first 5% of the unpaid principal balance of the loan and then share with us any remaining losses up to a prescribed limit. Loans serviced by DUS lenders and their affiliates represented substantially all of our multifamily guaranty book of business as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. In certain situations, to effectively manage our counterparty risk, we do not allow the lender to fully share in one-third of the credit risk, but have them share in a smaller portion.
While not a large portion of our multifamily guaranty book of business, our non-DUS lenders typically also have lender risk-sharing, where the lenders typically share or absorb losses based on a negotiated percentage of the loan or the pool balance.
To complement our front-end lender-risk sharing program, we have engaged in back-end credit risk transfer transactions through our MCIRTTM and Multifamily Connecticut Avenue Securities (“MCASTM”) transactions. Through these transactions, we have transferred a portion of credit risk associated with Fannie Mae losses on a reference pool of multifamily mortgage loans.
Our back-end multifamily credit-risk sharing transactions were primarily designed to further reduce the capital requirements associated with loans in the reference pool with the related benefit of additional credit risk protection in the event of a stress environment. We transfer multifamily credit risk through lender risk-sharing at the time of acquisition, but our multifamily back-end credit risk transfer activity occurs later, typically up to a year or more after acquisition.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 60 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
In October 2021, we entered into a new credit risk transfer transaction, transferring mortgage credit risk through our MCIRTTM program. The structure of, and extent to which we engage in, any additional credit risk transfer transactions in the future may be affected by our capital requirements, the degree of regulatory capital relief provided by the transactions, our risk appetite, the strength of future market conditions, the cost of these transactions, FHFA guidance, and the review of our overall business and capital plan.
The table below displays the total unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans and the percentage of our multifamily guaranty book of business, based on unpaid principal balance, that is covered by a back-end credit risk transfer transaction. The table does not reflect front-end lender risk-sharing arrangements, as only a small portion of our multifamily guaranty book of business is not covered by these arrangements.
| Multifamily Loans in Back-End Credit Risk Transfer Transactions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business | Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MCIRT | $ | 68,319 | 17 % | $ | 72,166 | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| MCAS | 28,146 | 7 | 28,968 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 96,465 | 24 | % | $ | 101,134 | 26 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily Portfolio Diversification and Monitoring
Diversification within our multifamily book of business by geographic concentration, term to maturity, interest-rate structure, borrower concentration, loan size and credit enhancement coverage are important factors that influence credit performance and help reduce our credit risk.
As part of our ongoing credit risk management process, we and our lenders monitor the performance and risk characteristics of our multifamily loans and the underlying properties on an ongoing basis throughout the loan term at the asset and portfolio level. We require lenders to provide quarterly and annual financial updates for the loans for which we are contractually entitled to receive such information. We closely monitor loans with an estimated current DSCR below 1.0, as that is an indicator of heightened default risk. The percentage of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business, calculated based on unpaid principal balance, with a current DSCR less than 1.0 was approximately 2% as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Our estimates of current DSCRs are based on the latest available income information for these properties and exclude co-op loans. Although we use the most recently available results from our multifamily borrowers, there is a lag in reporting, which typically can range from three to six months, but in some cases may be longer.
In addition to the factors discussed above, we track the following credit risk characteristics to determine loan credit quality indicators, which are the internal risk categories we use and which are further discussed in “Note 3, Mortgage Loans”:
•the physical condition of the property;
•delinquency status;
•the relevant local market and economic conditions that may signal changing risk or return profiles; and
•other risk factors.
For example, we closely monitor the rental payment trends and vacancy levels in local markets, as well as capitalization rates, to identify loans that merit closer attention or loss mitigation actions. We manage our exposure to refinancing risk for multifamily loans maturing in the next several years. We have a team that proactively manages upcoming loan maturities to minimize losses on maturing loans. This team assists lenders and borrowers with timely and appropriate refinancing of maturing loans with the goal of reducing defaults and foreclosures related to these loans. The primary asset management responsibilities for our multifamily loans are performed by our DUS and other multifamily lenders. We periodically evaluate these lenders’ performance for compliance with our asset management criteria.
Multifamily Problem Loan Management and Foreclosure Prevention
In addition to the credit performance information on our multifamily loans provided below, we provide information about multifamily loans in a COVID-19-related forbearance that back MBS and whole loan REMICs in a “Multifamily MBS
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 61 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
COVID-19 Forbearance List” in the “Data Collections” section of our DUS Disclose® tool, available at www.fanniemae.com/dusdisclose. Information on our website is not incorporated into this report.
Delinquency Statistics on our Problem Loans
The percentage of our multifamily loans classified as substandard in our guaranty book of business increased modestly as of September 30, 2021 compared with December 31, 2020, due to the continued impact of COVID-19. Substandard loans are loans that have a well-defined weakness that could impact their timely full repayment. While the majority of the substandard loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business are currently making timely payments or are in forbearance, we continue to monitor the performance of the full substandard loan population. For more information on our credit quality indicators, including our population of substandard loans, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
Our multifamily serious delinquency rate decreased to 0.42% as of September 30, 2021 compared with 0.98% as of December 31, 2020 and 1.12% as of September 30, 2020, primarily driven by the ongoing economic recovery resulting in loans that received forbearance completing their repayment plans or otherwise reinstating. Our multifamily serious delinquency rate consists of multifamily loans that were 60 days or more past due based on unpaid principal balance, expressed as a percentage of our multifamily guaranty book of business. Our multifamily serious delinquency rate includes 0.27% and 0.50% of multifamily loans that were 180 days or more past due as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Management monitors the multifamily serious delinquency rate as an indicator of potential future credit losses and loss mitigation activities. Serious delinquency rates are reflective of our performance in assessing and managing credit risk associated with multifamily loans in our guaranty book of business. Typically, higher serious delinquency rates result in a higher allowance for loan losses.
Our multifamily serious delinquency rate, excluding loans that received a forbearance, was 0.03% as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. We monitor this rate to better understand the impact that forbearance activity has had on multifamily serious delinquency and the performance of loans that are seriously delinquent not as a result of COVID-19.
COVID-19 Forbearance and Multifamily Eviction Moratorium
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact, we have broadly offered forbearance to affected multifamily borrowers, as we describe in “MD&A—Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Problem Loan Management and Foreclosure Prevention” in our 2020 Form 10-K. In 2020, we delegated to our lenders the ability to provide forbearance for up to six monthly payments for most loan types. In September 2021, FHFA extended our program to provide forbearance for multifamily loans impacted by COVID-19 indefinitely. While the forbearance program remains in place, the delegation to our lenders expired on September 30, 2021. As a result, we determine whether to offer forbearance relief based on the borrower’s circumstances through our normal loss mitigation procedures. For delegated forbearances, borrowers are required to bring their loans current within a time period determined by multiplying the number of months of forbearance by four. For example, a three-month forbearance would translate into a twelve-month repayment period. In exchange for receiving forbearance, borrowers must agree to suspend tenant evictions for nonpayment of rent, provide monthly operating statements and remit any excess cash flow to our servicers on a monthly basis, to be held until the end of the forbearance period and then applied to missed mortgage payments.
Multifamily Loan Forbearance
We estimate that 1.6% of our multifamily book of business as of March 31, 2020, based on unpaid principal balance, has been in a COVID-19-related forbearance at some point in time through September 30, 2021. Most of these loans have exited forbearance into a repayment plan, have reinstated, or have since liquidated.
The table below displays the status as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of the active multifamily loans in our guaranty book of business that have received a forbearance since the start of the pandemic, as well as the serious delinquency rate of such loans. The table excludes multifamily loans that received a forbearance, but liquidated or were foreclosed upon prior to period end. As of September 30, 2021, nearly all of our multifamily loans that have received forbearance were associated with a COVID-19-related financial hardship. Seniors housing loans, which constituted 4.1% of our multifamily guaranty book of business as of September 30, 2021, comprised approximately 42% of the total unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans that received a forbearance and remained in our multifamily guaranty book as of September 30, 2021. Of those multifamily seniors housing loans that received a forbearance and were still active on our guaranty book of business as of the end of the period, based on unpaid principal balance, 90% were reinstated, 6% were in a repayment plan, 2% were in active forbearance, and the remaining 2% had defaulted on their forbearance arrangement.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 62 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
Status and SDQ Rate of Multifamily Forbearance Loans Outstanding(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Unpaid Principal Balance in Book of Business | Percentage of Unpaid Principal Balance with Forbearance by Category | Percentage of Loans on Accrual Status | Percentage of Loans that are Seriously Delinquent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans that received a forbearance, by status: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Active forbearance(2) | 27 | $ | 362 | 0.1 | % | 8 | % | 6 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment plan | 84 | 1,041 | 0.2 | 22 | 25 | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reinstated(3) | 181 | 3,140 | 0.8 | 65 | 75 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defaulted(4) | 34 | 257 | 0.1 | 5 | — | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans that received a forbearance | 326 | 4,800 | 1.2 | 100 | % | 56 | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans that have not received a forbearance | 28,882 | 403,331 | 98.8 | — | 100 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total multifamily guaranty book of business | 29,208 | $ | 408,131 | 100 | % | 1.2 | % | 99 | % | 0.42 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Unpaid Principal Balance in Book of Business | Percentage of Unpaid Principal Balance with Forbearance by Category | Percentage of Loans on Accrual Status | Percentage of Loans that are Seriously Delinquent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans that received a forbearance, by status: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Active forbearance(2) | 88 | $ | 1,689 | 0.4 | % | 32 | % | 32 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment plan | 183 | 2,707 | 0.8 | 52 | 82 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reinstated(3) | 56 | 491 | 0.1 | 10 | 100 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defaulted(4) | 33 | 325 | 0.1 | 6 | — | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans that received a forbearance | 360 | 5,212 | 1.4 | 100 | % | 63 | 71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans that have not received a forbearance | 28,285 | 379,335 | 98.6 | — | 100 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total multifamily guaranty book of business | 28,645 | $ | 384,547 | 100 | % | 1.4 | % | 99 | % | 0.98 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Excludes $686 million as of September 30, 2021 and $123 million as of December 31, 2020 in multifamily loans that received a forbearance after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and liquidated prior to period end. Of the $686 million in loans that liquidated prior to September 30, 2021, $215 million went to foreclosure prior to that date, largely as a result of the foreclosure of loans within a seniors housing portfolio. There were no multifamily loans that received a forbearance after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and went to foreclosure prior to December 31, 2020.
(2)Includes loans that are in the process of extending their forbearance.
(3)Represents loans that are no longer in forbearance but are current according to the original terms of the loan or have been modified and are performing under the modification.
(4)Includes loans that are no longer in forbearance and are not on a repayment plan. Loans in this population may proceed to other loss mitigation activities, such as modification, or foreclosure.
Under our nonaccrual accounting policy for loans negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to accrue interest income for up to six months provided that the loans were either current as of March 1, 2020 or originated after March 1, 2020. Multifamily loans are placed on nonaccrual status when the borrower is six months past due unless
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 63 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2020 Form 10-K and “Note 3, Mortgage Loans” in this report for additional information about our nonaccrual accounting policy.
For multifamily loans that received forbearance and were in our book of business as of September 30, 2021, we have recorded a total accrued interest receivable balance of $27 million, for which we have established a valuation allowance of $3 million.
REO Management
The number of multifamily foreclosed properties held for sale was 30 properties with a carrying value of $306 million as of September 30, 2021, compared with 14 properties with a carrying value of $114 million as of December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily driven by the loans in a seniors housing portfolio that defaulted on their forbearance arrangements in 2020. The majority of the loans in this portfolio that defaulted on the terms of their forbearance agreement were foreclosed upon in 2021.
We expect a continued increase in our multifamily foreclosed properties primarily due to loans that received a COVID-19 forbearance but are unable to successfully cure their delinquency through a repayment plan or other modification.
Other Multifamily Credit Information
Multifamily Credit Loss Performance Metrics
The amount of multifamily credit loss or income we realize in a given period is driven by foreclosures, pre-foreclosure sales, REO activity and write-offs, net of recoveries. Our multifamily credit loss performance metrics are not defined terms and may not be calculated in the same manner as similarly titled measures reported by other companies. We believe our multifamily credit losses and our multifamily credit losses, net of freestanding loss-sharing benefit, may be useful to stakeholders because they display our credit losses in the context of our multifamily guaranty book of business, including the benefit we receive from loss-sharing arrangements. Management views multifamily credit losses, net of freestanding loss-sharing benefit as a key metric related to our multifamily business model and our strategy to share multifamily credit risk.
The table below displays the components of our multifamily credit loss performance metrics, as well as our multifamily initial write-off severity rate and write-off loan count.
| Multifamily Credit Loss Performance Metrics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs(1) | $ | (7) | $ | (86) | $ | (54) | $ | (104) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recoveries | 21 | — | 40 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreclosed property income (expense) | 11 | (7) | (14) | (16) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit gains (losses) | 25 | (93) | (28) | (119) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Freestanding loss-sharing benefit(2) | 1 | 26 | 22 | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit gains (losses), net of freestanding loss-sharing benefit | $ | 26 | $ | (67) | $ | (6) | $ | (90) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit (gain) loss ratio (in bps)(3) | (2.5) | 10.3 | 0.9 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit (gain) loss ratio, net of freestanding loss-sharing benefit (in bps)(2)(3) | (2.6) | 7.4 | 0.2 | 3.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily initial write-off severity rate(4) | 6.6 | % | 30.2 | % | 11.9 | % | 21.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily write-off loan count | 8 | 4 | 23 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Write-offs associated with non-REO sales are net of loss sharing.
(2)Represents expected benefits that we receive from write-offs as a result of certain freestanding credit enhancements, primarily multifamily DUS lender risk-sharing transactions. These benefits are recorded in “Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
(3)Calculated based on the annualized amount of “Credit losses” and “Credit losses, net of freestanding loss-sharing benefit,” divided by the average multifamily guaranty book of business during the period.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 64 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
(4)Rate is calculated as the initial write-off amount divided by the average defaulted unpaid principal balance. The rate excludes write-offs not associated with foreclosures or other liquidation events (such as a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or a short-sale) and any costs, gains or losses associated with REO after initial acquisition through final disposition. Write-offs are net of lender loss-sharing agreements.
We recognized credit gains in the third quarter of 2021 compared with credit losses in the third quarter of 2020, and we had lower credit losses in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the first nine months of 2020. These changes were primarily driven by a seniors housing loan portfolio defaulting on its forbearance arrangements in 2020. This default led to a write-down during the third quarter of 2020, which increased our losses for the quarter and for the first nine months of 2020. We subsequently recognized recoveries on the loan portfolio, which contributed to credit gains in the third quarter of 2021 and lower credit losses in the first nine months of 2021.
Although we have realized some credit losses related to COVID-19-impacted loans in recent periods, we expect our realized multifamily credit losses will remain higher over the long term compared to pre-pandemic levels as some loans that have been materially impacted by COVID-19 are ultimately unable to reperform. See “Risk Factors” in this report for additional information on the potential credit risk impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Multifamily Loss Reserves
Our multifamily loss reserves, which include our allowance for loan losses and the related accrued interest receivable, and our reserve for guaranty losses, provide for an estimate of credit losses in our multifamily guaranty book of business.
The table below summarizes the changes in our multifamily loss reserves, excluding credit losses on our AFS securities. For a discussion of changes in our multifamily benefit or provision for credit losses, see “Consolidated Results of Operations—Credit-Related Income (Expense).”
Multifamily Loss Reserves | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in loss reserves: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | (1,059) | $ | (1,382) | $ | (1,225) | $ | (268) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transition impact of the adoption of the CECL standard(1) | — | — | — | (490) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for credit losses | 50 | (42) | 188 | (683) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs | 7 | 86 | 54 | 104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recoveries | (21) | — | (40) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | (1,023) | $ | (1,338) | $ | (1,023) | $ | (1,338) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expected benefit of freestanding credit enhancements on multifamily loans not netted against loss reserves as of the end of the period | $ | 328 | $ | 408 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss reserves as a percentage of multifamily guaranty book of business | 0.25 | % | 0.32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes the transition impact of $221 million for the reclassification of freestanding credit enhancements, such as DUS lender risk-sharing, to “Other assets” from “Allowance for loan losses” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets on January 1, 2020.
Troubled Debt Restructurings and Nonaccrual Loans
We continue to account for eligible COVID-19-related loss mitigation activities as permitted under the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, which provide relief from TDR accounting and disclosure requirements for our forbearance plans and loan modifications. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2020 Form 10-K for more information on the relief from TDR accounting and disclosure requirements.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 65 | |||||||
| MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
The table below displays the multifamily loans classified as TDRs that were on accrual status and multifamily loans on nonaccrual status. The table includes our amortized cost in HFI multifamily mortgage loans, as well as interest income forgone and recognized for on-balance sheet TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans. For more information on TDRs and nonaccrual loans see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
| Multifamily TDRs on Accrual Status and Nonaccrual Loans | ||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
TDRs on accrual status | $ | 27 | $ | 29 | ||||||||||
Nonaccrual loans | 2,253 | 2,073 | ||||||||||||
Total TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans | $ | 2,280 | $ | 2,102 | ||||||||||
| Accruing on-balance sheet loans past due 90 days or more | $ | 122 | $ | 610 | ||||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest related to on-balance sheet TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income forgone(1) | $ | 33 | $ | 10 | ||||||||||
Interest income recognized(2) | 26 | 5 | ||||||||||||
(1)Represents the amount of interest income we did not recognize, but would have recognized during the period for nonaccrual loans and TDRs on accrual status held as of the end of each period had the loans performed according to their original contractual terms.
(2)Represents interest income recognized during the period, including the amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments, for loans classified as TDRs on accrual status or nonaccrual loans held as of the end of each period. Primarily includes amounts accrued while the loans were performing. Cash received on nonaccrual loans in a forbearance plan are applied as a reduction of accrued interest receivable until the receivable has been reduced to zero, and then recognized as interest income.
The balance of loans on nonaccrual status remained elevated as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 compared to pre-pandemic levels primarily due to loans that received a COVID-19 forbearance that became more than six months delinquent and were placed on nonaccrual status. For additional information on our accounting policy for nonaccrual loans, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
Liquidity and Capital Management
Liquidity Management
This section supplements and updates information regarding liquidity management in our 2020 Form 10-K. See “MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management” in our 2020 Form 10-K for additional information, including discussions of our primary sources and uses of funds, our liquidity and funding risk management practices and contingency planning, factors that influence our debt funding activity, factors that may impact our access to or the cost of our debt funding and factors that could adversely affect our liquidity and funding. Also see “Risk Factors—Liquidity and Funding Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K for a discussion of liquidity and funding risks.
Debt Funding
We are currently subject to a $300 billion debt limit under our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, which will decrease to $270 billion as of December 31, 2022. The unpaid principal balance of our aggregate indebtedness was $236.1 billion as of September 30, 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, we are prohibited from issuing debt without the prior consent of Treasury if it would result in our aggregate indebtedness exceeding our outstanding debt limit. The calculation of our indebtedness for purposes of complying with our debt limit reflects the unpaid principal balance and excludes debt basis adjustments and debt of consolidated trusts.
Outstanding Debt
Total outstanding debt of Fannie Mae includes short-term and long-term debt and excludes debt of consolidated trusts. Short-term debt of Fannie Mae consists of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less and,
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 66 | |||||||
| MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||||||||
therefore, does not include the current portion of long-term debt. Long-term debt of Fannie Mae consists of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year.
The following chart and table display information on our outstanding short-term and long-term debt based on original contractual maturity. The primary driver for the decrease in our short-term and long-term debt from December 31, 2020 to September 30, 2021 was decreased funding needs compared with the prior year. In 2020, we had unusually high liquidity demands driven by our expectations relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as historically high loan acquisition volumes through our whole loan conduit, resulting in high volumes of debt issuance during the year. Our funding needs were lower in the first nine months of 2021 because we built up a large amount of liquidity through our debt issuances in 2020, our expected loan buyouts relating to the COVID-19 pandemic have declined, and we are now able to retain more of our earnings pursuant to the terms of the January 2021 amendment to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement. As a result of our lower funding needs, the new debt we issued during the first nine months of 2021 replaced only some of our debt that paid off, and we issued no new long-term debt during the second or third quarters of 2021.
Debt of Fannie Mae(1)
(Dollars in billions)
(1)Outstanding debt balance consists of the unpaid principal balance, premiums and discounts, fair value adjustments, hedge-related basis adjustments and other cost basis adjustments. Reported amounts include net discount unamortized cost basis adjustments and fair value adjustments of $1.3 billion and $393 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 67 | |||||||
| MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||||||||
| Selected Debt Information | |||||||||||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | |||||||||||||||||
Selected Weighted-Average Interest Rates(1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate on short-term debt | 0.03 | % | 0.18 | % | |||||||||||||
Interest rate on long-term debt, including portion maturing within one year | 1.48 | 1.34 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest rate on callable long-term debt | 1.53 | 1.40 | |||||||||||||||
| Selected Maturity Data | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average maturity of debt maturing within one year (in days) | 138 | 196 | |||||||||||||||
Weighted-average maturity of debt maturing in more than one year (in months) | 60 | 52 | |||||||||||||||
| Other Data | |||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding callable long-term debt | $ | 49.4 | $ | 57.5 | |||||||||||||
Connecticut Avenue Securities debt(2) | 13.7 | 15.0 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Excludes the effects of fair value adjustments and hedge-related basis adjustments.
(2)Represents CAS debt issued prior to November 2018. See “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer Transactions” in our 2020 Form 10-K for information regarding our Connecticut Avenue Securities.
We intend to repay our short-term and long-term debt obligations as they become due primarily through proceeds from cash from business operations and the issuance of additional debt securities.
For information on the maturity profile of our outstanding long-term debt, see “Note 7, Short-Term and Long-Term Debt.”
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 68 | |||||||
| MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||||||||
Debt Funding Activity
The table below displays activity in debt of Fannie Mae. This activity excludes the deb t of consolidated trusts and intraday loans. Activity in short-term debt of Fannie Mae relates to borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less while activity in long-term debt of Fannie Mae relates to borrowings with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year. The reported amounts of debt issued and paid off during each period represent the face amount of the debt at issuance and redemption.
The decrease in debt issued during the third quarter and debt issued and paid off during the first nine months of 2021 compared with the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 was primarily due to decreased funding needs as discussed above. The increase in debt paid off during the third quarter of 2021 compared with the third quarter of 2020 was primarily due to an increase in the amount of maturities for shorter duration long-term debt in the third quarter of 2021 following elevated levels of issuance throughout 2020. We did not issue new debt to replace all of our debt that paid off during the third quarter and first nine months of 2021.
| Activity in Debt of Fannie Mae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issued during the period: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | $ | 39,022 | $ | 15,112 | $ | 52,448 | $ | 183,073 | |||||||||||||||
Weighted-average interest rate(1) | 0.01 | % | 0.10 | % | 0.01 | % | 1.10 | % | |||||||||||||||
Long-term:(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | $ | — | $ | 45,868 | $ | 2,815 | $ | 168,099 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average interest rate | — | % | 0.50 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.50 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total issued: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | $ | 39,022 | $ | 60,980 | $ | 55,263 | $ | 351,172 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average interest rate | 0.01 | % | 0.40 | % | 0.04 | % | 0.81 | % | |||||||||||||||
Paid off during the period:(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | $ | 32,894 | $ | 33,848 | $ | 56,214 | $ | 186,709 | |||||||||||||||
Weighted-average interest rate(1) | 0.01 | % | 0.22 | % | 0.03 | % | 1.21 | % | |||||||||||||||
Long-term:(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | $ | 22,330 | $ | 13,313 | $ | 52,557 | $ | 57,276 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average interest rate | 0.58 | % | 1.94 | % | 0.84 | % | 1.85 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total paid off: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | $ | 55,224 | $ | 47,161 | $ | 108,771 | $ | 243,985 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average interest rate | 0.24 | % | 0.71 | % | 0.42 | % | 1.36 | % | |||||||||||||||
(1)Includes interest generated from negative interest rates on certain repurchase agreements, which offset our short-term funding costs.
(2)Includes credit risk-sharing securities issued as CAS debt prior to November 2018. For information on our credit risk transfer transactions, see “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer Transactions” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
(3)Consists of all payments on debt, including regularly scheduled principal payments, payments at maturity, payments resulting from calls and payments for any other repurchases. Repurchases of debt and early retirements of zero-coupon debt are reported at original face value, which does not equal the amount of actual cash payment.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 69 | |||||||
| MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||||||||
Other Investments Portfolio
The chart below displays information on the composition of our other investments portfolio. The balance of our other investments portfolio fluctuates as a result of changes in our cash flows, liquidity in the fixed-income markets, and our liquidity risk management framework and practices.
Our other investments portfolio decreased during the first nine months of 2021 primarily as a result of a change in how funds held by consolidated trusts are invested, which resulted in a decrease in our holdings of U.S. Treasury securities. In the first quarter of 2021, we began to invest funds held by consolidated trusts directly in eligible short-term third-party investments. As the funds underlying these investments are restricted per the trust agreements, these securities are not considered in our sources of liquidity and are excluded from our other investments portfolio. Prior to this change, funds held by consolidated trusts were invested in Fannie Mae short-term debt, as allowed by the trust agreements. We then invested those proceeds in unrestricted short-term investments, which were included in our other investments portfolio. This change did not materially alter our liquidity position.
In addition, we used cash and other liquid assets that accumulated in 2020 to fund our operations during the first nine months of 2021. Due to lower overall funding needs, we reduced our debt issuances during this period, which also resulted in a reduction in our other investments portfolio as maturing investments were not replaced.
During the third quarter of 2021, we reduced our investments in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell and invested more in overnight repurchase agreements, which are classified as cash equivalents, as a result of market conditions.
Cash and cash equivalents(1) | ||||||||
| Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | ||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities | ||||||||
(1) Cash equivalents are composed of overnight repurchase agreements and U.S. Treasuries that have a maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less.
Cash Flows
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents increased from $115.6 billion as of December 31, 2020 to $133.5 billion as of September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by cash inflows from (1) the sale of Fannie Mae MBS to third parties and (2) proceeds from repayments and sales of loans.
Partially offsetting these cash inflows were cash outflows primarily from (1) payments on outstanding debt of consolidated trusts, (2) purchases of loans held for investment, and (3) the redemption of funding debt, which outpaced issuances, primarily for the reasons described above.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents increased from $61.4 billion as of December 31, 2019 to $111.0 billion as of September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 70 | |||||||
| MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||||||||
driven by cash inflows from (1) proceeds from repayments and sales of loans, (2) the sale of Fannie Mae MBS to third parties, and (3) the issuance of funding debt, which outpaced redemptions.
Partially offsetting these cash inflows were cash outflows primarily from (1) payments on outstanding debt of consolidated trusts and (2) purchases of loans held for investment.
Credit Ratings
As of September 30, 2021, our credit ratings have not changed since we filed our 2020 Form 10-K. For information on our credit ratings, see “MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management—Credit Ratings” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Capital Management
Capital Requirements
Statutory Minimum Capital
The deficit of our core capital over statutory minimum capital established in the GSE Act was $106.5 billion as of September 30, 2021 and $124.3 billion as of December 31, 2020.
Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework
FHFA established an enterprise regulatory capital framework pursuant to its authority under the GSE Act, as described in “Business—Legislation and Regulation—GSE Act and Other Legislative and Regulatory Matters—Capital” in our 2020 Form 10-K. The enterprise regulatory capital framework requires significantly higher levels of capital than what is required under our statutory minimum capital requirements. The enterprise regulatory capital framework went into effect in February 2021, but we are not currently required to hold capital according to the framework’s requirements. The dates on which we must comply with the quantitative requirements of the enterprise regulatory capital framework are staggered and largely dependent on whether we remain in conservatorship. We are required to report capital amounts as determined under the enterprise regulatory capital framework for periods beginning after 2021. At September 30, 2021, we had a deficit relative to the amount of capital required under the enterprise regulatory capital framework.
Capital Activity
Under the dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock, we are permitted to retain increases in our net worth until our net worth exceeds the amount of adjusted total capital necessary for us to meet the capital requirements and buffers under the enterprise regulatory capital framework discussed in “Business—Legislation and Regulation—GSE Act and Other Legislative and Regulatory Matters—Capital” in our 2020 Form 10-K. The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock increased to $158.8 billion as of September 30, 2021 and will further increase to $163.7 billion as of December 31, 2021 due to the $4.8 billion increase in our net worth during the third quarter of 2021.
See “Business—Conservatorship, Treasury Agreements and Housing Finance Reform—Treasury Agreements” in our 2020 Form 10-K and “Legislation and Regulation—Letter Agreement with Treasury” in this report for more information on the terms of our senior preferred stock and our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury. See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks associated with the limit on our capital reserves.
Treasury Funding Commitment
Treasury made a commitment under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement to provide funding to us under certain circumstances if we have a net worth deficit. As of September 30, 2021, the remaining amount of Treasury’s funding commitment to us was $113.9 billion. See “Note 11, Equity” in our 2020 Form 10-K for more information on the funding commitment provided by Treasury under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Our off-balance sheet arrangements result primarily from the following:
•our guaranty of mortgage loan securitization and resecuritization transactions, and other guaranty commitments, over which we do not have control;
•liquidity support transactions; and
•partnership interests.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 71 | |||||||
| MD&A | Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements | ||||||||
Some of the securities we issue are structured securities backed, in whole or in part, by Freddie Mac securities. When we issue a structured security, we provide a guaranty that we will supplement amounts received from the underlying mortgage-related security as required to permit timely payment of principal and interest on the certificates related to the resecuritization trust. Accordingly, when we issue structured securities backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac securities, we extend our guaranty to the underlying Freddie Mac security included in the structured security. Our issuance of structured securities backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac securities creates additional off-balance sheet exposure as we do not have control over the Freddie Mac mortgage loan securitizations. Because we do not have the power to direct matters (primarily the servicing of mortgage loans) that impact the credit risk to which we are exposed, which constitute control of these securitization trusts, we do not consolidate these trusts in our condensed consolidated balance sheet, giving rise to off-balance sheet exposure.
The total amount of our off-balance sheet exposure related to unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS net of any beneficial interest that we retain, and other financial guarantees was $205.0 billion as of September 30, 2021. Approximately $159.7 billion of this amount consisted of the unpaid principal balance of Freddie Mac-issued UMBS backing Fannie Mae-issued Supers. Additionally, off-balance sheet exposure includes approximately $30.6 billion of the unpaid principal balance of Freddie Mac securities backing Fannie Mae-issued REMICs. We expect our off-balance sheet exposure to Freddie Mac securities to increase as we issue more structured securities backed by Freddie Mac securities in the future. The total amount of our off-balance sheet exposure related to unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS, net of any beneficial interest that we retain, and other financial guarantees was $153.6 billion as of December 31, 2020. Approximately $110.7 billion of this amount consisted of the unpaid principal balance of Freddie Mac-issued UMBS backing Fannie Mae-issued Supers and $26.6 billion of this amount consisted of the unpaid principal balance of Freddie Mac securities backing Fannie Mae-issued REMICs. See “Note 6, Financial Guarantees” for more information regarding our maximum exposure to loss on unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS and Freddie Mac securities.
We also have off-balance sheet exposure to losses from liquidity support transactions and partnership interests.
•Our total outstanding liquidity commitments to advance funds for securities backed by multifamily housing revenue bonds totaled $5.6 billion as of September 30, 2021 and $6.4 billion as of December 31, 2020. These commitments require us to advance funds to third parties that enable them to repurchase tendered bonds or securities that are unable to be remarketed. We hold cash and cash equivalents in our other investments portfolio in excess of these commitments to advance funds.
•We make investments in various limited partnerships and similar legal entities, which consist of low-income housing tax credit investments, community investments and other entities. When we do not have a controlling financial interest in those entities, our condensed consolidated balance sheets reflect only our investment rather than the full amount of the partnership’s assets and liabilities. See “Note 2, Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets— Unconsolidated VIEs” for information regarding our limited partnerships and similar legal entities.
Risk Management
Our business activities expose us to the following major categories of risk: credit risk (including mortgage credit risk and institutional counterparty credit risk), market risk (including interest-rate risk), liquidity and funding risk, and operational risk (including cyber/information security risk, third-party risk and model risk), as well as strategic risk, compliance risk and reputational risk. See “MD&A—Risk Management” in our 2020 Form 10-K for a discussion of our management of these risks. This section supplements and updates that discussion but does not address all of the risk management categories described in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management
This section supplements and updates our discussion of institutional counterparty credit risk management in our 2020 Form 10-K. See “MD&A—Risk Management—Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management” and “Risk Factors—Credit Risk” in our 2020 Form 10-K for a discussion of our exposure to institutional counterparty credit risk and our strategy for managing this risk. As described in “Risk Factors” in this report, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our counterparty credit risk. Also see “Note 10, Concentrations of Credit Risk” in this report for an update on our counterparty credit risk exposure.
Change in Non-Depository Seller and Servicer Liquidity Requirement as a Result of COVID-19 Forbearances
We have previously established minimum liquidity requirements for single-family non-depository servicers to maintain eligibility with Fannie Mae. With the increase in delinquent loans in forbearance plans as a result of the unprecedented
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 72 | |||||||
| MD&A | Risk Management | Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management | ||||||||
circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic and the CARES Act, we temporarily modified our minimum liquidity requirements for single-family non-depository servicers to maintain eligibility with Fannie Mae. Beginning with the second quarter of 2020, when calculating the minimum liquidity requirement for seriously delinquent mortgage loans for non-depository servicers, an adjustment is included for mortgage loans in a COVID-19-related forbearance plan that are 90 days or more delinquent and were current at the inception of the plan. The adjustment provides partial relief of the minimum liquidity requirements for the servicers of these impacted loans.
In 2020, FHFA announced that it would re-propose the minimum financial eligibility requirements for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac sellers and servicers due to market volatility driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Change in Private Mortgage Insurer Eligibility Requirements
Mortgage insurers must meet and maintain compliance with private mortgage insurer eligibility requirements (“PMIERs”) to be eligible to write mortgage insurance on loans acquired by Fannie Mae. The PMIERs are designed to ensure that mortgage insurers have sufficient liquid assets to pay all claims under a hypothetical future stress scenario. Under FHFA guidance, we and Freddie Mac published an update to the PMIERs in June 2021, which revised PMIERs guidance issued in 2020 that addressed issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. The revisions include:
•maintaining the temporary adjustment when calculating risk-based required assets for nonperforming mortgage loans that became newly delinquent after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic or that are subject to a forbearance plan granted in response to a financial hardship related to COVID-19; and
•establishing through December 31, 2021, the ability for private mortgage insurers to pay dividends or make other new transfers of cash if they have a PMIERs surplus above a specified level.
The adjustment to the risk-based required assets for nonperforming mortgage loans provides partial relief to mortgage insurers’ capital requirements under the PMIERs for the impacted loans.
Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management
We are subject to market risk, which includes interest-rate risk and spread risk. Interest-rate risk is the risk that movements in benchmark interest rates could adversely affect the fair value of our assets or liabilities or our future earnings. Spread risk represents the change in an instrument’s fair value that relates to factors other than changes in the benchmark interest rate.
We are exposed to interest rate risk through our “net portfolio,” which we define as our retained mortgage portfolio assets; other investments portfolio; outstanding debt of Fannie Mae used to fund the retained mortgage portfolio assets and other investments portfolio; and mortgage commitments and risk management derivatives. Our goal is to manage interest-rate risk from our net portfolio to be neutral to movements in interest rates and volatility on an economic basis, subject to model constraints and prevailing market conditions. We actively manage the interest-rate risk of our net portfolio through the use of interest-rate derivatives and by issuing a broad range of both callable and non-callable debt instruments.
We are also exposed to interest-rate risk in connection with cost basis adjustments related to mortgage assets held by our consolidated MBS trusts. These cost basis adjustments often result from upfront cash fees exchanged at the time of loan acquisition, which include buy-ups, buy-downs, and loan-level risk-based pricing adjustments. Changes in interest rates, which drive loan prepayment rates, can impact the timing of when we recognize amortization income related to these cost basis amounts thereby impacting our earnings. Changes in the timing of income recognition related to cost basis adjustments impact the present value of this income. See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Net Interest Income—Analysis of Deferred Amortization Income” for more information on our outstanding net cost basis adjustments related to consolidated MBS trusts.
We do not currently actively manage or hedge, on an economic basis, our spread risk or the interest rate risk arising from cost basis adjustments associated with mortgage assets held by our consolidated MBS trusts.
For additional information on the impact of market risk on our earnings, see “Earnings Exposure to Interest-Rate Risk” below.
This section supplements and updates information regarding market risk management in our 2020 Form 10-K. See “MD&A—Risk Management—Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management” and “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K for additional information, including our sources of interest-rate risk exposure, business risks posed by changes in interest rates, and our strategy for managing interest-rate risk.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 73 | |||||||
| MD&A | Risk Management | Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management | ||||||||
Measurement of Interest-Rate Risk
The table below displays the pre-tax market value sensitivity of our net portfolio to changes in the level of interest rates and the slope of the yield curve as measured on the last day of each period presented. The table below also provides the daily average, minimum, maximum and standard deviation values for duration gap and for the most adverse market value impact on the net portfolio to changes in the level of interest rates and the slope of the yield curve for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Our practice is to allow interest rates to go below zero in the downward shock models unless otherwise prevented through contractual floors.
For information on how we measure our interest-rate risk, see our 2020 Form 10-K in “MD&A—Risk Management—Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management.”
| Interest-Rate Sensitivity of Net Portfolio to Changes in Interest-Rate Level and Slope of Yield Curve | |||||||||||||||||||||||
As of (1)(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate level shock: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| -100 basis points | $ | (224) | $ | (179) | |||||||||||||||||||
| -50 basis points | (47) | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| +50 basis points | 10 | (111) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| +100 basis points | * | (154) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate slope shock: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| -25 basis points (flattening) | 1 | (9) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| +25 basis points (steepening) | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
* Represents a rate level shock impact of under $0.5 million.
For the Three Months Ended September 30, (1)(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Duration Gap | Rate Slope Shock 25 bps | Rate Level Shock 50 bps | Duration Gap | Rate Slope Shock 25 bps | Rate Level Shock 50 bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market Value Sensitivity | Market Value Sensitivity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In years) | (Dollars in millions) | (In years) | (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | (0.03) | $ | (1) | $ | (83) | — | $ | (22) | $ | (18) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minimum | (0.06) | (9) | (117) | (0.04) | (36) | (75) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum | — | 3 | (47) | 0.08 | (12) | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Standard deviation | 0.01 | 3 | 16 | 0.03 | 6 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Computed based on changes in U.S. LIBOR interest-rates swap curve. Changes in the level of interest-rates assume a parallel shift in all maturities of the U.S. LIBOR interest-rate swap curve. Changes in the slope of the yield curve assume a constant 7-year rate, a shift of 16.7 basis points for the 1-year rate (and shorter tenors) and an opposite shift of 8.3 basis points for the 30-year rate. Rate shocks for remaining maturity points are interpolated.
(2)Measured on the last business day of each period presented.
(3)Computed based on daily values during the period presented.
The market value sensitivity of our net portfolio varies across a range of interest-rate shocks depending upon the duration and convexity profile of our net portfolio.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 74 | |||||||
| MD&A | Risk Management | Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management | ||||||||
We use derivatives to help manage the residual interest-rate risk exposure between the assets and liabilities in our net portfolio. Derivatives have enabled us to keep our economic interest-rate risk exposure at consistently low levels in a wide range of interest-rate environments. The table below displays an example of how derivatives impacted the net market value exposure for a 50 basis point parallel interest-rate shock.
| Derivative Impact on Interest-Rate Risk (50 Basis Points) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
As of (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Before derivatives | $ | (692) | $ | (613) | |||||||||||||||||||
| After derivatives | (47) | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of derivatives | 645 | 621 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Measured on the last business day of each period presented.
Earnings Exposure to Interest-Rate Risk
While we manage the interest-rate risk of our net portfolio with the objective of remaining neutral to movements in interest rates and volatility on an economic basis, our earnings can experience volatility due to interest-rate changes and differing accounting treatments that apply to certain financial instruments on our balance sheet. Specifically, we have exposure to earnings volatility that is driven by changes in interest rates in two primary areas: our net portfolio and our consolidated MBS trusts. The exposure in the net portfolio is primarily driven by changes in the fair value of risk management derivatives, mortgage commitments, and certain assets, primarily securities, that are carried at fair value. The exposure related to our consolidated MBS trusts relates to changes in the amortization of cost basis adjustments and our credit loss reserves driven by changes in interest rates.
In January 2021, we began applying fair value hedge accounting to address some of the exposure to interest rates, particularly the earnings volatility related to changes in benchmark interest rates, including LIBOR and SOFR. Although we continue to expect reduced earnings volatility related to changes in the benchmark interest rates as a result of our adoption of hedge accounting, earnings variability driven by other factors, such as spreads or changes in cost basis amortization recognized in net interest income, remains. In addition, when the shape of the yield curve shifts significantly from period to period, hedge accounting may be less effective. In our current program, we establish new hedging relationships daily to provide flexibility in our overall risk management strategy.
See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Hedge Accounting Impact,” “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” for additional information on our fair value hedge accounting policy and related disclosures.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Understanding our accounting policies and the extent to which we use management judgment and estimates in applying these policies is integral to understanding our financial statements. We describe our most significant accounting policies in “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in this report and in our 2020 Form 10-K.
We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and judgments required by our policies on an ongoing basis and update them as necessary based on changing conditions. We have identified one of our accounting policies, allowance for loan losses, as critical because it involves significant judgments and assumptions about highly complex and inherently uncertain matters, and the use of reasonably different estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on our reported results of operations or financial condition.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of single-family and multifamily HFI loan receivables that we expect will not be collected related to loans held by Fannie Mae and consolidated Fannie Mae MBS trusts. The expected credit losses are deducted from the amortized cost basis of HFI loans to present the net amount expected to be received. We use a discounted cash flow method to measure expected credit losses on our single-family mortgage loans and an undiscounted loss method to measure expected credit losses on our multifamily mortgage loans. The models use
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 75 | |||||||
| MD&A | Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | ||||||||
reasonable and supportable forecasts for key economic drivers, such as home prices (single-family), rental income (multifamily) and capitalization rates (multifamily). Our modeled loan performance is based on our historical experience of loans with similar risk characteristics adjusted to reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Our historical loss experience and our credit loss estimates capture the possibility of remote events that could result in credit losses on loans that are considered low risk. Our credit loss models, including the forecast data used as key inputs, are subject to our model oversight and review processes as well as other established governance and controls.
Changes to our estimate of expected credit losses, including changes due to the passage of time, are recorded through the benefit (provision) for credit losses. When calculating our allowance for loan losses, we consider only our amortized cost in the loans at the balance sheet date. We record write-offs as a reduction to the allowance for loan losses when losses are confirmed through the receipt of assets in satisfaction of a loan, such as the underlying collateral upon foreclosure or cash upon completion of a short sale. Additionally, we record write-offs as a reduction to our allowance for loan losses when a loan is determined to be uncollectible and upon the redesignation of a nonperforming or reperforming loan from HFI to HFS. We include expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off in determining our allowance for loan losses.
Our process for determining the measurement of expected credit losses for the period under the expected credit loss model is complex and involves significant management judgment, including a reliance on historical loss information and current economic forecasts that may not be representative of credit losses we ultimately realize.
We provide more detailed information on our accounting for the allowance for loan losses in “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2020 Form 10-K. See “Note 4, Allowance for Loan Losses” in this report for additional information about our current-period benefit or provision for loan losses, including a discussion of the estimates used in measuring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our allowance. See “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K and in this report for a discussion of the risks associated with the need for management to make judgments and estimates in applying our accounting policies and methods.
Impact of Future Adoption of New Accounting Guidance
We identify and discuss the expected impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements of recently issued accounting guidance, if any, in “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” No applicable guidance was identified during the third quarter of 2021.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report includes statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). In addition, we and our senior management may from time to time make forward-looking statements in our other filings with the SEC, our other publicly available written statements, and orally to analysts, investors, the news media and others. Forward-looking statements often include words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “likely,” “may,” “will” or similar words. Examples of forward-looking statements in this report include, among others, statements relating to our expectations regarding the following matters:
•our future financial performance, financial condition and net worth, and the factors that will affect them, including our expectations regarding our future net revenues, amortization income and guaranty fees;
•economic, mortgage market and housing market conditions (including expectations regarding home price growth, refinance volumes and interest rates), the factors that will affect those conditions, and the impact of those conditions on our business and financial results;
•our business plans and strategies, and their impact;
•our plans relating to and the effects of our credit risk transfer transactions, as well as the factors that will affect our engagement in future transactions;
•volatility in our future financial results and the impact of our adoption of hedge accounting on such volatility;
•the size and composition of our retained mortgage portfolio;
•the amount and timing of our purchases of loans from MBS trusts;
•the impact of legislation and regulation on our business or financial results;
•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business;
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 76 | |||||||
| MD&A | Forward-Looking Statements | ||||||||
•our payments to HUD and Treasury funds under the GSE Act;
•our future off-balance sheet exposure to Freddie Mac-issued securities;
•the risks to our business;
•future delinquency rates, defaults, forbearances, modifications and other loss mitigation activity, foreclosures, and credit losses relating to the loans in our guaranty book of business and the factors that will affect them, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•the performance of loans in our book of business and the factors that will affect such performance;
•the amount of our outstanding debt and how we expect to meet our debt obligations; and
•our response to legal and regulatory proceedings and their impact on our business or financial condition.
Forward-looking statements reflect our management’s current expectations, forecasts or predictions of future conditions, events or results based on various assumptions and management’s estimates of trends and economic factors in the markets in which we are active and that otherwise impact our business plans. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties and changes in circumstances. Our actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in these forward-looking statements.
There are a number of factors that could cause actual conditions, events or results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements, including, among others, the following:
•uncertainty regarding our future, our exit from conservatorship and our ability to raise or earn the capital needed to meet our capital requirements;
•challenges we face in retaining and hiring qualified executives and other employees;
•the duration, spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic; the actions taken to contain the virus or treat its impact, including government actions to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic and COVID-19 vaccination rates; the effectiveness of currently available COVID-19 vaccines over time and against variants of the coronavirus; the nature, extent and success of the forbearance, payment deferrals, modifications and other loss mitigation options we provide to borrowers affected by the pandemic; accounting elections and estimates relating to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; borrower and renter behavior in response to the pandemic and its economic impact; the extent to which current economic and operating conditions continue, including whether any future outbreaks or increases in new COVID-19 cases interrupt economic recovery; and how quickly and to what extent affected borrowers, renters and counterparties recover from the negative economic impact of the pandemic;
•the impact of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement and the enterprise regulatory capital framework, as well as future legislative and regulatory requirements or changes, governmental initiatives, or executive orders affecting us, such as the enactment of housing finance reform legislation, including changes that limit our business activities or our footprint or impose new mandates on us;
•actions by FHFA, Treasury, HUD, the CFPB or other regulators, Congress, the Executive Branch, or state or local governments that affect our business;
•changes in the structure and regulation of the financial services industry;
•the potential impact of a change in the corporate income tax rate, which we expect would affect our capital requirements and net income in the quarter of enactment as a result of a change in our measurement of our deferred tax assets and our net income in subsequent quarters as a result of the change in our effective federal income tax rate;
•the timing and level of, as well as regional variation in, home price changes;
•future interest rates and credit spreads;
•developments that may be difficult to predict, including: market conditions that result in changes in our net amortization income from our guaranty book of business, fluctuations in the estimated fair value of our derivatives and other financial instruments that we mark to market through our earnings; and developments that affect our loss reserves, such as changes in interest rates, home prices or accounting standards, or events such as natural or other disasters, the emergence of widespread health emergencies or pandemics, or other disruptive or catastrophic events;
•uncertainties relating to the discontinuance of LIBOR, or other market changes that could impact the loans we own or guarantee or our MBS;
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 77 | |||||||
| MD&A | Forward-Looking Statements | ||||||||
•disruptions or instability in the housing and credit markets;
•the size and our share of the U.S. mortgage market and the factors that affect them, including population growth and household formation;
•growth, deterioration and the overall health and stability of the U.S. economy, including U.S. GDP, unemployment rates, personal income, inflation rates and other indicators thereof;
•changes in fiscal monetary policy;
•our and our competitors’ future guaranty fee pricing and the impact of that pricing on our competitive environment and guaranty fee revenues;
•the volume of mortgage originations;
•the size, composition, quality and performance of our guaranty book of business and retained mortgage portfolio;
•the competitive environment in which we operate, including the impact of legislative, regulatory or other developments on levels of competition in our industry and other factors affecting our market share;
•how long loans in our guaranty book of business remain outstanding;
•the effectiveness of our business resiliency plans and systems;
•changes in the demand for Fannie Mae MBS, in general or from one or more major groups of investors;
•our conservatorship, including any changes to or termination (by receivership or otherwise) of the conservatorship and its effect on our business;
•the investment by Treasury, including the impact of recent changes or potential future changes to the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, and its and their effect on our business, including restrictions imposed on us by the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, the senior preferred stock, and Treasury’s warrant, as well as the extent that these or other restrictions on our business and activities are applied to us through other mechanisms even if we cease to be subject to these agreements and instruments;
•adverse effects from activities we undertake to support the mortgage market and help borrowers, renters, lenders and servicers;
•actions we may be required to take by FHFA, in its role as our conservator or as our regulator, such as actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the type of business we do, or actions relating to UMBS or our resecuritization of Freddie Mac-issued securities;
•limitations on our business imposed by FHFA, in its role as our conservator or as our regulator;
•our future objectives and activities in support of those objectives, including actions we may take to reach additional underserved borrowers or address barriers to sustainable housing opportunities and advance equity in housing finance;
•the possibility that changes in leadership at FHFA or the Administration may result in changes that affect our company or our business;
•our reliance on Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (“CSS”) and the common securitization platform for a majority of our single-family securitization activities, our reduced influence over CSS as a result of changes made in 2020 to the CSS limited liability company agreement, and any additional changes FHFA may require in our relationship with or in our support of CSS;
•a decrease in our credit ratings;
•limitations on our ability to access the debt capital markets;
•constraints on our entry into new credit risk transfer transactions;
•significant changes in forbearance, modification and foreclosure activity;
•the volume and pace of future nonperforming and reperforming loan sales and their impact on our results and serious delinquency rates;
•changes in borrower behavior;
•actions we may take to mitigate losses, and the effectiveness of our loss mitigation strategies, management of our REO inventory and pursuit of contractual remedies;
•defaults by one or more institutional counterparties;
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 78 | |||||||
| MD&A | Forward-Looking Statements | ||||||||
•resolution or settlement agreements we may enter into with our counterparties;
•our need to rely on third parties to fully achieve some of our corporate objectives;
•our reliance on mortgage servicers;
•changes in GAAP, guidance by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and changes to our accounting policies;
•changes in the fair value of our assets and liabilities;
•the stability and adequacy of the systems and infrastructure that impact our operations, including ours and those of CSS, our other counterparties and other third parties;
•the impact of increasing interdependence between the single-family mortgage securitization programs of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in connection with UMBS;
•operational control weaknesses;
•our reliance on models and future updates we make to our models, including the assumptions used by these models;
•domestic and global political risks and uncertainties;
•natural disasters, environmental disasters, terrorist attacks, widespread health emergencies or pandemics, infrastructure failures, or other disruptive or catastrophic events;
•severe weather events, fires, floods or other climate change events for which we may be uninsured or under-insured or that may affect our counterparties, and other risks resulting from climate change and efforts to address climate change;
•cyber attacks or other information security breaches or threats; and
•the other factors described in “Risk Factors” in this report and in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Readers are cautioned not to unduly rely on the forward-looking statements we make and to place these forward-looking statements into proper context by carefully considering the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K and in this report. These forward-looking statements are representative only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under the federal securities laws.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 79 | |||||||
| Financial Statements | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||||||||
Item 1. Financial Statements
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — (Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (includes $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements (includes $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading, at fair value (includes $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale, at fair value (with an amortized cost of $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments in securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held for investment, at amortized cost: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans held for investment (includes $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans held for investment, net of allowance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advances to lenders | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued interest receivable, net (includes $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired property, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued interest payable (includes $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae (includes $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts (includes $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities (includes $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior preferred stock (liquidation preference of $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Common stock, no par value, no maximum authorization— | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity (See Note 1: Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock for information on the related dividend obligation and liquidation preference) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 80 | |||||||
| Financial Statements | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income | ||||||||
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income — (Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term debt | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit (provision) for credit losses | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income after benefit (provision) for credit losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value gains (losses), net | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee and other income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest income (loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other administrative expenses | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total administrative expenses | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreclosed property expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 (“TCCA”) fees | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit enhancement expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before federal income taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for federal income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments and taxes | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net of taxes | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends distributed or amounts attributable to senior preferred stock | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 81 | |||||||
| Financial Statements | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | ||||||||
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — (Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows provided by investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of trading securities held for investment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of trading securities held for investment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of available-for-sale securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of loans held for investment | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from repayments of loans acquired as held for investment of Fannie Mae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of loans acquired held-for-investment of Fannie Mae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from repayments and sales of loans acquired as held for investment of consolidated trusts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advances to lenders | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from disposition of acquired property and preforeclosure sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt of Fannie Mae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments to redeem debt of Fannie Mae | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt of consolidated trusts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments to redeem debt of consolidated trusts | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 82 | |||||||
| Financial Statements | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity | ||||||||
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in
Equity — (Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions)
| Fannie Mae Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Outstanding | Senior Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Treasury Stock | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior Preferred | Preferred | Common | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in net unrealized gains on available- for-sale securities (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Outstanding | Senior Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Treasury Stock | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior Preferred | Preferred | Common | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in net unrealized gains on available- for-sale securities (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 83 | |||||||
| Financial Statements | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity | ||||||||
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in
Equity — (Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions)
| Fannie Mae Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Outstanding | Senior Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Treasury Stock | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior Preferred | Preferred | Common | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior preferred stock dividends paid | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in net unrealized gains on available- for-sale securities (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares Outstanding | Senior Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Treasury Stock | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior Preferred | Preferred | Common | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2020, adjusted | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in net unrealized gains on available- for-sale securities (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (net of taxes of $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 84 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||||||||
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Fannie Mae is a leading source of financing for mortgages in the United States. We are a shareholder-owned corporation organized as a government-sponsored entity (“GSE”) and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (the “Charter Act” or our “charter”). Our charter is an act of Congress, and we have a mission under that charter to provide liquidity and stability to the residential mortgage market and to promote access to mortgage credit. As a result, we are subject to government oversight and regulation. Our regulators include the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”). The U.S. government does not guarantee our securities or other obligations.
We have been under conservatorship, with FHFA acting as conservator, since September 6, 2008. See below and “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“2020 Form 10-K”) for additional information on our conservatorship and the impact of U.S. government support of our business.
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and related notes should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the SEC’s instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and note disclosures required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts as well as the accounts of other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 may not necessarily be indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2021.
Presentation of Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted cash and cash equivalents includes funds held by consolidated MBS trusts that have not yet been remitted to MBS certificateholders under the terms of our servicing guide and the related trust agreements. In 2021, Fannie Mae, in its role as trustee, began to invest funds held by consolidated trusts directly in eligible short-term third-party investments, which may include investments in cash equivalents that are composed of overnight repurchase agreements and U.S. Treasuries that have a maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less. The funds underlying these short-term investments are restricted per the trust agreements. Accordingly, any investment in cash equivalents should be classified as restricted and is presented as “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets to reflect the investment of funds related to MBS trusts.
Use of Estimates
Preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of our condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as our reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management has made significant estimates in a variety of areas including, but not limited to, the allowance for loan losses. Actual results could be different from these estimates.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 85 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||||||||
Conservatorship
On September 7, 2008, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of FHFA announced several actions taken by Treasury and FHFA regarding Fannie Mae, which included: (1) placing us in conservatorship, with FHFA acting as our conservator, and (2) the execution of a senior preferred stock purchase agreement by our conservator, on our behalf, and Treasury, pursuant to which we issued to Treasury both senior preferred stock and a warrant to purchase common stock.
Under the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended, including by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (together, the “GSE Act”), the conservator immediately succeeded to (1) all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Fannie Mae, and of any stockholder, officer or director of Fannie Mae with respect to Fannie Mae and its assets, and (2) title to the books, records and assets of any other legal custodian of Fannie Mae. The conservator subsequently issued an order that provided for our Board of Directors to exercise specified authorities. The conservator also provided instructions regarding matters for which conservator decision or notification is required. The conservator retains the authority to amend or withdraw its order and instructions at any time.
The conservator has the power to transfer or sell any asset or liability of Fannie Mae (subject to limitations and post-transfer notice provisions for transfers of qualified financial contracts) without any approval, assignment of rights or consent of any party. However, mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets that have been transferred to a Fannie Mae MBS trust must be held by the conservator for the beneficial owners of the Fannie Mae MBS and cannot be used to satisfy the general creditors of Fannie Mae. Neither the conservatorship nor the terms of our agreements with Treasury change our obligation to make required payments on our debt securities or perform under our mortgage guaranty obligations.
The conservatorship has no specified termination date and there continues to be significant uncertainty regarding our future, including how long we will continue to exist in our current form, the extent of our role in the market, the level of government support of our business, how long we will be in conservatorship, what form we will have and what ownership interest, if any, our current common and preferred stockholders will hold in us after the conservatorship is terminated and whether we will continue to exist following conservatorship. Under the GSE Act, FHFA must place us into receivership if the Director of FHFA makes a written determination that our assets are less than our obligations or if we have not been paying our debts, in either case, for a period of 60 days. In addition, the Director of FHFA may place us into receivership at the Director’s discretion at any time for other reasons set forth in the GSE Act, including if we are critically undercapitalized or if we are undercapitalized and have no reasonable prospect of becoming adequately capitalized. Should we be placed into receivership, different assumptions could be required to determine the carrying value of our assets, which could lead to substantially different financial results. Treasury has made a commitment under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement to provide funding to us under certain circumstances if we have a net worth deficit. We are not aware of any plans of FHFA (1) to fundamentally change our business model, or (2) to reduce the aggregate amount available to or held by the company under our capital structure, which includes the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.
Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock
Under our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, in September 2008 we issued Treasury one million shares of senior preferred stock and a warrant to purchase shares of our common stock. The senior preferred stock purchase agreement and the dividend and liquidation provisions of the senior preferred stock were amended in January 2021 pursuant to a letter agreement between Fannie Mae, through FHFA in its capacity as conservator, and Treasury. These changes included the following:
•The dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock were amended to permit us to retain increases in our net worth until our net worth exceeds the amount of adjusted total capital necessary for us to meet the capital requirements and buffers under the enterprise regulatory capital framework discussed in “Note 12, Regulatory Capital Requirements” in our 2020 Form 10-K. After the “capital reserve end date,” which is defined as the last day of the second consecutive fiscal quarter during which we have had and maintained capital equal to, or in excess of, all of the capital requirements and buffers under the enterprise regulatory capital framework, the amount of quarterly dividends to Treasury will be equal to the lesser of any quarterly increase in our net worth and a 10% annual rate on the then-current liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock.
•At the end of each fiscal quarter, through and including the capital reserve end date, the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock will be increased by an amount equal to the increase in our net worth, if any, during the immediately prior fiscal quarter.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 86 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||||||||
•We may issue and retain up to $70 billion in proceeds from the sale of common stock without Treasury’s prior consent, provided that (1) Treasury has already exercised its warrant in full, and (2) all currently pending significant litigation relating to the conservatorship and to an amendment to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement made in August 2012 has been resolved, which may require Treasury’s assent.
•FHFA may release us from conservatorship without Treasury’s consent after (1) all currently pending significant litigation relating to the conservatorship and to the August 2012 amendment to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement has been resolved, and (2) our common equity tier 1 capital, together with any other common stock that we may issue in a public offering, equals or exceeds 3% of our “adjusted total assets” under our enterprise regulatory capital framework.
•New restrictive covenants were added that impact both our single-family and multifamily business activities.
On September 14, 2021, Fannie Mae, through FHFA acting in its capacity as Fannie Mae’s conservator, entered into a letter agreement with Treasury temporarily suspending certain of the restrictive business covenants that were added in the January 2021 letter agreement amending the senior preferred stock purchase agreement. The letter agreement provides that the suspension of these provisions will terminate on the later of one year after the date of the agreement and six months after Treasury notifies us. While the September 2021 letter agreement temporarily suspended restrictions on certain business activities, in the ordinary course of business these and other business activities are subject to constraints from a variety of sources, including board- and management-approved risk limits, capital considerations and FHFA instructions.
Treasury has made a commitment under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement to provide funding to us under certain circumstances if we have a net worth deficit. Pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, we have received a total of $119.8 billion from Treasury as of September 30, 2021, and the amount of remaining funding available to us under the agreement is $113.9 billion. We have not received any funding from Treasury under this commitment since the first quarter of 2018.
Dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock permit us to retain increases in our net worth until our net worth exceeds the amount of adjusted total capital necessary for us to meet the capital requirements and buffers under the enterprise regulatory capital framework established by FHFA in November 2020. The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock increased to $158.8 billion as of September 30, 2021 and will further increase to $163.7 billion as of December 31, 2021 due to the $4.8 billion increase in our net worth during the third quarter of 2021.
Both the January and September 2021 letter agreements have been accounted for as modifications of the existing agreement. As a result, there is no change in the carrying value of the senior preferred stock.
See “Note 11, Equity” in our 2020 Form 10-K for additional information about the senior preferred stock purchase agreement and the senior preferred stock.
Related Parties
Because Treasury holds a warrant to purchase shares of Fannie Mae common stock equal to 79.9 % of the total number of shares of Fannie Mae common stock, we and Treasury are deemed related parties. As of September 30, 2021, Treasury held an investment in our senior preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $158.8 billion. See “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock” above for additional information on transactions under this agreement and the modifications made in the January 2021 and September 2021 letter agreements.
FHFA’s control of both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac has caused Fannie Mae, FHFA and Freddie Mac to be deemed related parties. Additionally, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac jointly own Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (“CSS”), a limited liability company created to operate a common securitization platform; as a result, CSS is deemed a related party. As a part of our joint ownership, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and CSS are parties to a limited liability company agreement that sets forth the overall framework for the joint venture, including Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s rights and responsibilities as members of CSS. Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and CSS are also parties to a customer services agreement that sets forth the terms under which CSS provides mortgage securitization services to us and Freddie Mac, including the operation of the common securitization platform, as well as an administrative services agreement. CSS operates as a separate company from us and Freddie Mac, with all funding and limited administrative support services and other resources provided to it by us and Freddie Mac.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 87 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||||||||
Transactions with Treasury
Our administrative expenses were reduced by $4 million and $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $13 million and $14 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, due to reimbursements from Treasury and Freddie Mac for expenses incurred as program administrator for Treasury’s Home Affordable Modification Program and other initiatives under Treasury’s Making Home Affordable Program.
In December 2011, Congress enacted the Temporary Payroll Cut Continuation Act of 2011 (“TCCA”) which, among other provisions, required that we increase our single-family guaranty fees by at least 10 basis points and remit this increase to Treasury. Effective April 1, 2012, we increased the guaranty fee on all single-family residential mortgages delivered to us by 10 basis points. In 2012, FHFA and Treasury advised us to remit this fee increase to Treasury with respect to all loans acquired by us on or after April 1, 2012 and before January 1, 2022, and to continue to remit these amounts to Treasury on and after January 1, 2022 with respect to loans we acquired before this date until those loans are paid off or otherwise liquidated. The resulting fee revenue and expense are recorded in “Interest income: Mortgage loans” and “TCCA fees,” respectively, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
We recognized $781 million and $679 million in TCCA fees during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $2.3 billion and $2.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, of which $781 million had not been remitted to Treasury as of September 30, 2021.
The GSE Act requires us to set aside certain funding obligations, a portion of which is attributable to Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund. These funding obligations, recognized in “Other expenses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, were measured as the product of 4.2 basis points and the unpaid principal balance of our total new business purchases for the respective period, and 35 % of this amount is payable to Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund. We recognized a total of $46 million and $59 million in “Other expenses, net” for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $165 million and $144 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, in connection with Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund, of which $165 million has not been remitted as of September 30, 2021.
On September 14, 2021, Fannie Mae, through FHFA acting in its capacity as Fannie Mae’s conservator, entered into a letter agreement with Treasury temporarily suspending certain of the restrictive business covenants in the senior preferred stock purchase agreement. The specified provisions of the letter agreement are described under “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock” above.
Transactions with FHFA
The GSE Act authorizes FHFA to establish an annual assessment for regulated entities, including Fannie Mae, which is payable on a semi-annual basis (April and October), for FHFA’s costs and expenses, as well as to maintain FHFA’s working capital. We recognized FHFA assessment fees, which are recorded in “Administrative expenses” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, of $35 107 million and $102 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Transactions with CSS and Freddie Mac
We contributed capital to CSS, the company we jointly own with Freddie Mac, of $15 million and $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $60 million and $67 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 88 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||||||||
Fair Value Hedge Accounting
In January 2021, to reduce earnings volatility related to changes in benchmark interest rates, we began applying fair value hedge accounting to certain pools of single-family mortgage loans and certain issuances of our funding debt by designating such instruments as the hedged item in hedging relationships with interest-rate swaps. In these relationships, we have designated the change in the benchmark interest rate, either the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), as the risk being hedged. We have elected to use the last-of-layer method to hedge certain pools of single-family mortgage loans. This election involves establishing fair value hedging relationships on the portion of each loan pool that is not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults and other events that affect the timing and amount of cash flows. The term of each hedging relationship is generally one business day and we establish hedging relationships daily to align our hedge accounting with our risk management practices.
If a hedging relationship qualifies for hedge accounting, the change in the fair value of the interest-rate swaps and the change in the fair value of the hedged item for the risk being hedged are recorded through net interest income. A corresponding basis adjustment is recorded against the hedged item, either the pool of mortgage loans or the debt, for the changes in the fair value attributable to the risk being hedged. For hedging relationships that hedge pools of single-family mortgage loans, basis adjustments are allocated to individual single-family loans based on the relative unpaid principal balance of each loan at the termination of the hedging relationship. The cumulative basis adjustments on the hedged item are amortized into earnings using the effective interest method over the contractual life of the hedged item, with amortization beginning upon termination of the hedging relationship.
All changes in fair value of the designated portion of the derivative hedging instrument (i.e., interest-rate swap), including interest accruals, are recorded in the same line item in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income used to record the earnings effect of the hedged item. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the hedged mortgage loans and debt attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in “Interest income” or “Interest expense,” along with the changes in the fair value of the respective derivative hedging instruments.
The recognition of basis adjustments on the hedged item and the subsequent amortization are noncash activities and are removed from net income to derive the “Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities” in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. Cash on derivative instruments paid or received while the derivative is designated
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 89 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||||||||
See “Note 3, Mortgage Loans,” “Note 7, Short-Term and Long-Term Debt” and “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” for additional information on our fair value hedge accounting policy and related disclosures.
2. Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 90 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets | ||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
| Assets and liabilities recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to unconsolidated mortgage-backed trusts: | ||||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Non-Fannie Mae | ||||||||||||||
| Total trading securities | ||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | ||||||||||||||
| Non-Fannie Mae | ||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
Net carrying amount | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Our maximum exposure to loss generally represents the greater of our carrying value in the entity or the unpaid principal balance of the assets covered by our guaranty. Our involvement in unconsolidated resecuritization trusts may give rise to additional exposure to loss depending on the type of resecuritization trust. Fannie Mae non-commingled resecuritization trusts are backed entirely by Fannie Mae MBS. These non-commingled single-class and multi-class resecuritization trusts are not consolidated and do not give rise to any additional exposure to loss as we already consolidate the underlying collateral.
Fannie Mae commingled resecuritization trusts are backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac securities. The guaranty that we provide to these commingled resecuritization trusts may increase our exposure to loss to the extent that we are providing a guaranty for the timely payment and interest on the underlying Freddie Mac securities that we have not previously guaranteed. Our maximum exposure to loss for these unconsolidated trusts is measured by the amount of Freddie Mac securities that are held in these resecuritization trusts.
Our maximum exposure to loss related to unconsolidated securitization and resecuritization trusts, which includes but is not limited to our exposure to these Freddie Mac securities, was approximately $198 billion and $146 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The total assets of our unconsolidated securitization and resecuritization trusts were approximately $240 billion and $180 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The maximum exposure to loss for our unconsolidated limited partnerships and similar legal entities, which consist of low-income housing tax credit investments (“LIHTC”), community investments and other entities, was $225 million and the related net carrying value was $219 million as of September 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the maximum exposure to loss was $126 million and the related net carrying value was $121 million. The total assets of these limited partnership investments were $3.3 billion as of September 30, 2021 and $2.6 billion as of December 31, 2020.
The maximum exposure to loss related to our involvement with unconsolidated SPVs that transfer credit risk represents the unpaid principal balance and accrued interest payable of obligations issued by the Connecticut Avenue Securities® (“CAS”) and Multifamily Connecticut Avenue SecuritiesTM (“MCASTM”) SPVs. The maximum exposure to loss related to these unconsolidated SPVs was $8.2 billion and $11.4 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The total assets related to these unconsolidated SPVs were $8.2 billion and $11.4 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 91 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets | ||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 92 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
3. Mortgage Loans
We own single-family mortgage loans, which are secured by four or fewer residential dwelling units, and multifamily mortgage loans, which are secured by five or more residential dwelling units. We classify these loans as either held for investment (“HFI”) or held for sale (“HFS”). We report the amortized cost of HFI loans for which we have not elected the fair value option at the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, hedge-related basis adjustments, other cost basis adjustments, and accrued interest receivable. For purposes of our condensed consolidated balance sheets, we present accrued interest receivable, net separately from the amortized cost of our loans held for investment. We report the carrying value of HFS loans at the lower of cost or fair value and record valuation changes in “Investment gains, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” for additional information on hedge-related basis adjustments and on the implementation of our fair value hedge accounting program in January 2021.
For purposes of the single-family mortgage loan disclosures below, we display loans by class of financing receivable type. Financing receivable classes used for disclosure consist of: “20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate,” “15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate,” “Adjustable-rate,” and “Other.” The “Other” class primarily consists of reverse mortgage loans, interest-only loans, negative-amortizing loans and second liens.
The following table displays the carrying value of our mortgage loans and allowance for loan losses.
As of | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Single-family | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Multifamily | ||||||||||||||
Total unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans | ||||||||||||||
Cost basis and fair value adjustments, net | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses for HFI loans | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
Total mortgage loans(1) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
(1)Excludes $9.8
The following table displays information about our redesignation of loans from HFI to HFS and the sales of mortgage loans during the period.
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family loans redesignated from HFI to HFS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Lower of cost or fair value adjustment at time of redesignation(1) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance reversed at time of redesignation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family loans sold: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unpaid principal balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Realized gains, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Consists of the write-off against the allowance at the time of redesignation.
The amortized cost of single-family mortgage loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $5.0
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 93 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
Aging Analysis
The following tables display an aging analysis of the total amortized cost of our HFI mortgage loans by portfolio segment and class, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.
| As of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 - 59 Days Delinquent | 60 - 89 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(1) | Total Delinquent | Current | Total | Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest | Nonaccrual Loans with No Allowance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily(3) | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 - 59 Days Delinquent | 60 - 89 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(1) | Total Delinquent | Current | Total | Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest | Nonaccrual Loans with No Allowance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily(3) | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 94 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
(1)Single-family seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Multifamily seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 60 days or more past due.
(2)Reverse mortgage loans included in “Other” are not aged due to their nature and are included in the current column.
(3)Multifamily loans 60 -89 days delinquent are included in the seriously delinquent column.
Credit Quality Indicators
The following tables display the total amortized cost of our single-family HFI loans by class, year of origination and credit quality indicator, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. The estimated mark-to-market loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio is a primary factor we consider when estimating our allowance for loan losses for single-family loans. As LTV ratios increase, the borrower's equity in the home decreases, which may negatively affect the borrower's ability to refinance or to sell the property for an amount at or above the outstanding balance of the loan.
As of September 30, 2021, by Year of Origination(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | Prior | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio:(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total for all classes by LTV ratio:(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 95 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
As of December 31, 2020, by Year of Origination(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | Prior | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio:(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total for all classes by LTV ratio:(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Excludes $11.6 billion and $13.5 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, of mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies, which represents primarily reverse mortgages for which we do not calculate an estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 96 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
The following tables display the total amortized cost in our multifamily HFI loans by year of origination and credit-risk rating, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. Property rental income and property valuations are key inputs to our internally assigned credit risk ratings.
As of September 30, 2021, by Year of Origination | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | Prior | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Internally assigned credit risk rating: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-classified(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classified(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2020, by Year of Origination | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | Prior | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Internally assigned credit risk rating: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-classified(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classified(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)A loan categorized as “Non-classified” is current or adequately protected by the current financial strength and debt service capability of the borrower.
(2)Represents loans classified as “Substandard” or “Doubtful.” Loans classified as “Substandard” have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the timely full repayment. “Doubtful” refers to a loan with a weakness that makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on existing conditions and values. We had no loans classified as doubtful as of September 30, 2021 and loans with an amortized cost of less than $1 million classified as doubtful as of December 31, 2020.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
The substantial majority of the loan modifications accounted for as a TDR result in term extensions, interest rate reductions or a combination of both. The average term extension of a single-family modified loan was 151 months and 159 months for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The average interest rate reduction was 0.56 and 0.42 percentage points, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the average term extension of a single-family modified loan was 146 months and 166 months, respectively, and the average interest rate reduction was 0.57 and 0.35 percentage points, respectively.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 97 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
The following tables display the number of loans and amortized cost of loans classified as a TDR during the period.
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Amortized Cost | Number of Loans | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total TDRs | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Amortized Cost | Number of Loans | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total TDRs | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
For loans that defaulted in the periods presented and that were classified as a TDR in the twelve months prior to the default, the following tables display the number of loans and the amortized cost of these loans at the time of payment default. For purposes of this disclosure, we define loans that had a payment default as: single-family and multifamily loans with completed TDRs that liquidated during the period, either through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or a short sale; single-family loans with completed modifications that are two or more months delinquent during the period; or multifamily loans with completed modifications that are one or more months delinquent during the period.
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Amortized Cost | Number of Loans | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total TDRs that subsequently defaulted | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 98 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Amortized Cost | Number of Loans | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total TDRs that subsequently defaulted | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nonaccrual Loans
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 99 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
The tables below display the forgone interest and the accrued interest receivable written off through the reversal of interest income for HFI single-family and multifamily nonaccrual loans.
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income forgone(1) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accrued interest receivable written off through the reversal of interest income | ||||||||||||||
Multifamily: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income forgone(1) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accrued interest receivable written off through the reversal of interest income | ||||||||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income forgone(1) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accrued interest receivable written off through the reversal of interest income | ||||||||||||||
Multifamily: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income forgone(1) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accrued interest receivable written off through the reversal of interest income | ||||||||||||||
(1)For loans on nonaccrual status held as of period end, represents the amount of interest income we did not recognize but would have recognized if the loans had performed in accordance with their original contractual terms.
The tables below include the amortized cost of and interest income recognized on our HFI single-family and multifamily loans on nonaccrual status by class, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.
As of | ||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | June 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total nonaccrual loans | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 100 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Interest Income Recognized(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total nonaccrual loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Single-family interest income recognized includes amounts accrued while the loans were performing, including the amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments, as well as payments received on nonaccrual loans held as of period end. Multifamily interest income recognized includes amounts accrued while the loans were performing and the amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments for nonaccrual loans held as of period end.
4. Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table displays changes in our allowance for single-family loans, multifamily loans and total allowance for loan losses, including the transition impact of adopting Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which was later amended by ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05 and ASU 2019-1 (collectively, the “CECL standard”), on January 1, 2020. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2020 Form 10-K for additional information on changes to our allowance for loan losses resulting from our adoption of the CECL standard.
The benefit or provision for loan losses excludes provision for accrued interest receivable losses, guaranty loss reserves and credit losses on available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities. Cumulatively, these amounts are recognized as “Benefit (provision) for credit losses” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 101 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Allowance for Loan Losses | ||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family allowance for loan losses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Transition impact of the adoption of the CECL standard | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for loan losses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recoveries | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending Balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily allowance for loan losses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Transition impact of the adoption of the CECL standard | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for loan losses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recoveries | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending Balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total allowance for loan losses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Transition impact of the adoption of the CECL standard | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for loan losses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-offs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recoveries | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending Balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
The primary factors that contributed to our single-family benefit for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were:
•Benefit from actual and forecasted home price growth. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, actual home price growth continued to be strong. We also increased our expectations for home price growth on a national basis for full-year 2021. Higher home prices decrease the likelihood that loans will default and reduce the amount of loan loss on loans that do default, which impacts our estimate of losses and ultimately reduces our loss reserves and provision for loan losses.
•Benefit from changes in assumptions regarding COVID-19 forbearance and loan delinquencies. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the benefit was primarily driven by the removal of the remaining non-modeled adjustment related to COVID-19 as discussed below.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 102 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Allowance for Loan Losses | ||||||||
The primary factors that contributed to our single-family benefit for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were:
•Benefit from actual and forecasted home price growth which have been robust throughout 2021.
•Benefit from the redesignation of certain nonperforming and reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS. We redesignated certain nonperforming and reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS, as we no longer intend to hold them for the foreseeable future or to maturity. Upon redesignation of these loans, we recorded the loans at the lower of cost or fair value with a write-off against the allowance for loan losses. Amounts recorded in the allowance related to these loans exceeded the amounts written off, resulting in a net benefit for loan losses.
•Benefit from changes in assumptions regarding COVID-19 forbearance and loan delinquencies. During the first and second quarters of 2021, management used its judgment to supplement the loss projections developed by our credit loss model to account for uncertainty arising from the COVID-19 pandemic that was not represented in historical data or otherwise captured by our credit model. As of September 30, 2021, management removed the remaining non-modeled adjustment as the effects of the economic stimulus, the vaccine rollout, and the effectiveness of COVID-19-related loss mitigation strategies have all become much less uncertain. Specifically, the decrease in uncertainty as of September 30, 2021 compared with the end of 2020 was primarily driven by the passage of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 and the broad implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program in the United States, which contributed to a significant increase in business activity and helped support continued economic growth. There has also been a steady decline in the number of borrowers in a COVID-19-related forbearance, lessening expectations of loan losses. Additionally, we believe the array of possible future economic environments included in our credit model, which captures scenarios that may be remote, combined with data consumed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic have removed the need to continue to supplement modeled results.
The impact of these factors was partially offset by the impact of the following factor, which reduced our single-family benefit for loan losses recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
•Provision for higher actual and projected interest rates. Actual and projected interest rates were higher as of September 30, 2021 compared with December 31, 2020. As mortgage rates increase, we expect a decrease in future prepayments on single-family loans, including modified loans. Lower expected prepayments extend the expected lives of modified loans, which increases the expected impairment relating to term and interest-rate concessions provided on these loans, resulting in a provision for loan losses.
The decrease in single-family write-offs for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to a reduction in the number of nonperforming and reperforming loans redesignated from HFI to HFS in the third quarter of 2021 as well as more favorable pricing on our HFS loans.
The primary factors that contributed to our single-family provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were:
•Provision for changes in assumptions regarding COVID-19 forbearance and loan delinquencies, which included adjustments to modeled results. Our single-family provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was driven by the economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the majority of the provision recognized in the first quarter of 2020. Estimating expected loan losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to require significant management judgment regarding a number of matters, including our expectations surrounding borrower participation in a COVID-19-related forbearance, the type and extent of loss mitigation that may be needed when the loan exits forbearance, the high degree of uncertainty regarding the future course of the pandemic and its effect on the economy, and expectations regarding the impact of fiscal stimulus to support borrowers. As a result, the model used to estimate single-family loan losses did not capture the entirety of losses we expected to incur relating to COVID-19 at that time. The model consumed data from the initial months of the pandemic, including loan delinquencies, and updated credit profile data for loans in forbearance. As more of this data was consumed by our credit loss model, we reduced the non-modeled adjustment initially recorded in the first quarter.
In the third quarter of 2020, management continued to apply its judgment and supplement model results as of September 30, 2020, taking into account the continued high degree of uncertainty regarding the future impact of the pandemic and its effect on the economy, future economic and housing policy, and extended foreclosure moratoriums. These factors, combined with higher loan delinquencies, led to an increase in provision attributable to these COVID-19-related factors, which was partially offset by a decrease in our estimated single-family cumulative forbearance take-up, based on the economic data and forbearance activity observed through the third quarter of 2020.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 103 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Allowance for Loan Losses | ||||||||
The factors discussed above were offset by the factors below, which contributed to a single-family benefit for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and reduced the amount of single-family provision for loan losses recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:
•Benefit from lower actual and projected interest rates. For much of 2020, we continued to be in a historically low interest-rate environment. As mortgage interest rates decline, we expect an increase in future prepayments on single-family loans, including modified loans. Higher expected prepayments shorten the expected lives of modified loans, which decreases the expected impairment relating to term and interest-rate concessions provided on these loans and results in a benefit for loan losses. Most of this benefit from lower actual and projected mortgage interest rates was recognized in the first half of 2020.
•Benefit from the redesignation of certain reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS. In the third quarter of 2020, we resumed sales of reperforming loans after our suspension of new loan sales in the second quarter of 2020. As a result, we redesignated certain reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS in the third quarter of 2020, as we no longer intended to hold them for the foreseeable future or to maturity. Upon redesignation of these loans, we recorded the loans at the lower of cost or fair value with a write-off against the allowance for loan losses. Amounts recorded in the allowance related to these loans exceeded the amounts written off, which contributed to a net benefit for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
•Benefit from actual and expected home price growth. In the first quarter of 2020, we significantly reduced our expectations for home price growth to near-zero for 2020. However, the negative impact from the first quarter of 2020 was more than offset by an increase in actual home price growth in the second and third quarters.
The primary factors that contributed to our multifamily benefit for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were:
•Benefit from actual and projected economic data. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, property value forecasts increased due to continued demand for multifamily housing. In addition, improved job growth led to an increase in projected average property net operating income, which reduced the probability of loan defaults resulting in a benefit for loan losses for the quarter and year-to-date.
•Benefit from lower expected loan losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to our single-family benefit for loan losses described above, for the first and second quarters of 2021 management used its judgment to supplement the loss projections developed by our credit loss model to account for uncertainty arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2021, management removed the remaining non-modeled adjustment as the effects of the economic stimulus, the vaccine rollout, and the effectiveness of COVID-19-related loss mitigation strategies have all become much less uncertain. See our single-family 2021 benefit for loan losses discussion above for more information on these factors.
Our multifamily provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was driven by higher expected losses as a result of the economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and heightened economic uncertainty, driven by elevated unemployment which we expected would result in a decrease of multifamily property income and property values. In addition, the multifamily provision for loan losses included increased expected loan losses on seniors housing loans as these properties were disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. The vast majority of these expenses were recognized in the first half of 2020. Consistent with the single-family discussion above, the model we used to estimate multifamily loan losses did not capture the entirety of losses we expected to incur relating to COVID-19 at that time. The model consumed data from the initial months of the pandemic, but we continued to apply management judgment and supplement model results as of September 30, 2020, taking into account the continued high degree of uncertainty that remained relating to the impact of the pandemic.
In the third quarter of 2020, our provision for expected multifamily loan losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively flat. In September 2020, we decreased our estimate for loan losses due to a downward revision of our estimated multifamily cumulative forbearance take-up rate, as well as an improved forecasted unemployment rate. These benefits were offset by continued economic uncertainty, forbearance arrangements that were extended beyond the initial term, and overall increased delinquencies. These factors, inclusive of the other components of the multifamily provision for loan losses, resulted in a modest expense for the third quarter of 2020.
The primary factor that contributed to multifamily write-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was a write down in the value of a seniors housing portfolio during the third quarter of 2020 following its default on its forbearance agreement.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 104 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Investments in Securities | ||||||||
5. Investments in Securities
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Other agency(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Private-label and other mortgage securities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage-related securities (includes $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other securities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-mortgage-related securities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading securities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)Consists of Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae mortgage-related securities.
The following table displays information about our net trading gains (losses).
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net trading gains (losses) | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Net trading gains (losses) recognized in the period related to securities still held at period end | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-Sale Securities
We record AFS securities at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, recorded net of tax, as a component of “Other comprehensive income (loss)” and we recognize realized gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities in “Investment gains, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We define the amortized cost basis of our AFS securities as unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, and other cost basis adjustments. We record an allowance for credit losses for AFS securities that reflects the impairment for credit losses, which are limited to the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost. Impairment due to non-credit losses are recorded as unrealized losses within other comprehensive income.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 105 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Investments in Securities | ||||||||
The following tables display the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, gross unrealized gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), and fair value by major security type for AFS securities.
| As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Amortized Cost(1) | Allowance for Credit Losses(3) | Gross Unrealized Gains in AOCI | Gross Unrealized Losses in AOCI | Total Fair Value(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage revenue bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other mortgage-related securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Amortized Cost(1) | Allowance for Credit Losses | Gross Unrealized Gains in AOCI | Gross Unrealized Losses in AOCI | Total Fair Value(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage revenue bonds | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other mortgage-related securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)We exclude from amortized cost and fair value accrued interest of $3 million and $6 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which we record in “Other assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Other agency securities consist of securities issued by Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae.
(3)Total allowance for credit losses is less than $1 million as of September 30, 2021.
Fannie Mae and Other Agency Securities
Our Fannie Mae and other agency AFS securities consist of securities issued by us, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae. The principal and interest on these securities are guaranteed by the issuing agency. We believe that the guaranty provided by the issuing agency, the support provided to the agencies by the U.S. government, the importance of the agencies to the liquidity and stability in the secondary mortgage market, and the long history of zero credit losses on agency mortgage-related securities are all indicators that there are currently no credit losses on these securities, even if the security is in an unrealized loss position. In addition, we generally hold these securities that are in an unrealized loss position to recovery. As a result, unless we intend to sell the security, we do not recognize an allowance for credit losses on agency mortgage-related securities.
Non-Agency Mortgage-Related Securities
As of September 30, 2021, substantially all of our non-agency mortgage-related securities were in an unrealized gain position. As a result, we have not recognized an allowance for credit losses on these securities.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 106 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Investments in Securities | ||||||||
The following table displays additional information regarding gross unrealized losses and fair value by major security type for AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, excluding allowance for credit losses.
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less Than 12 Consecutive Months | 12 Consecutive Months or Longer | Less Than 12 Consecutive Months | 12 Consecutive Months or Longer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Unrealized Losses in AOCI | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses in AOCI | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses in AOCI | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses in AOCI | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage revenue bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table displays the gross realized gains and proceeds on sales of AFS securities.
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross realized gains | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Total proceeds (excludes initial sale of securities from new portfolio securitizations) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table displays net unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities and other amounts accumulated within our accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax.
| As of | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gains on AFS securities for which we have not recorded an allowance for credit losses | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities for which we have recorded an allowance for credit losses | ( | |||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 107 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Investments in Securities | ||||||||
Maturity Information
The following table displays the carrying amount and fair value of our AFS securities by major security type and remaining contractual maturity, assuming no principal prepayments. The contractual maturity of mortgage-backed securities is not a reliable indicator of their expected life because borrowers generally have the right to prepay their obligations at any time.
| As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Carrying Amount(1) | Total Fair Value | One Year or Less | After One Year Through Five Years | After Five Years Through Ten Years | After Ten Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Carrying Amount(1) | Fair Value | Net Carrying Amount(1) | Fair Value | Net Carrying Amount(1) | Fair Value | Net Carrying Amount(1) | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other agency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage revenue bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other mortgage-related securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6. Financial Guarantees
As the guarantor of structured securities backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac-issued securities, we extend our guaranty to the underlying Freddie Mac securities in our resecuritization trusts. However, Freddie Mac continues to guarantee the payment of principal and interest on the underlying Freddie Mac securities that we have resecuritized. We do not charge an incremental guaranty fee to include Freddie Mac securities in the structured securities that we issue. When we began issuing UMBS, we entered into an indemnification agreement under which Freddie Mac agreed to indemnify us for losses caused by its failure to meet its payment or other specified obligations under the trust agreements pursuant to which the underlying resecuritized securities were issued. As a result, and due to the funding commitment available to Freddie Mac through its senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, we have concluded that the associated credit risk is negligible. Accordingly, we exclude from the following table Freddie Mac securities backing unconsolidated Fannie Mae-issued structured securities of approximately $190.2 billion and $137.3 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 108 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Financial Guarantees | ||||||||
The following table displays our off-balance sheet maximum exposure, guaranty obligation recognized in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and the potential maximum recovery from third parties through available credit enhancements and recourse related to our financial guarantees.
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum Exposure | Guaranty Obligation | Maximum Recovery(1) | Maximum Exposure | Guaranty Obligation | Maximum Recovery(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other guaranty arrangements(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Recoverability of such credit enhancements and recourse is subject to, among other factors, the ability of our mortgage insurers and the U.S. government, as a financial guarantor, to meet their obligations to us. For information on our mortgage insurers, “Note 10, Concentrations of Credit Risk.”
(2)Primarily consists of credit enhancements and long-term standby commitments.
7. Short-Term and Long-Term Debt
Short-Term Debt
The following table displays our outstanding short-term debt (debt with an original contractual maturity of one year or less) and weighted-average interest rates of this debt.
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding | Weighted- Average Interest Rate(1) | Outstanding | Weighted- Average Interest Rate(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase(2) | $ | ( | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term debt of Fannie Mae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes the effects of discounts, premiums and other cost basis adjustments. Includes interest generated from negative interest rates on certain repurchase agreements.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 109 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Short-Term and Long-Term Debt | ||||||||
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt represents debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year. The following table displays our outstanding long-term debt.
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maturities | Outstanding(1) | Weighted- Average Interest Rate(2) | Maturities | Outstanding(1) | Weighted- Average Interest Rate(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior fixed: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benchmark notes and bonds | 2021 - 2030 | $ | % | 2021 - 2030 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium-term notes(3) | 2021 - 2031 | 2021 - 2030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other(4) | 2023 - 2038 | 2021 - 2038 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total senior fixed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior floating: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium-term notes(3) | 2021 - 2022 | 2021 - 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut Avenue Securities(5) | 2023 - 2031 | 2023 - 2031 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other(6) | 2037 | 2037 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total senior floating | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt of Fannie Mae(7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt of consolidated trusts | 2021 - 2061 | 2021 - 2060 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Outstanding debt balance consists of the unpaid principal balance, premiums and discounts, fair value adjustments, hedge-related basis adjustments, and other cost basis adjustments.
(2)Excludes the effects of fair value adjustments and hedge-related basis adjustments.
(3)Includes long-term debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than 1 year and up to 10 years, excluding zero-coupon debt.
(4)Includes other long-term debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than 10 years and foreign exchange bonds.
(5)Consists of CAS debt issued prior to November 2018, a portion of which is reported at fair value. See “Note 2, Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets” in our 2020 Form 10-K for more information about our CAS structures issued beginning November 2018.
(6)Consists of structured debt instruments that are reported at fair value.
(7)Includes unamortized discounts and premiums, fair value adjustments, hedge-related cost basis adjustments, and other cost basis adjustments in a net discount position of $1.3 billion and $392 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 110 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments | ||||||||
8. Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments are an integral part of our strategy in managing interest-rate risk. Derivative instruments may be privately-negotiated, bilateral contracts, or they may be listed and traded on an exchange. We refer to our derivative transactions made pursuant to bilateral contracts as our over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative transactions and our derivative transactions accepted for clearing by a derivatives clearing organization as our cleared derivative transactions. We typically do not settle the notional amount of our risk management derivatives; rather, notional amounts provide the basis for calculating actual payments or settlement amounts. The derivative contracts we use for interest-rate risk management purposes consist primarily of interest-rate swaps and interest-rate options. See “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” in our 2020 Form 10-K for additional information on interest-rate risk management.
We account for certain forms of credit risk transfer transactions as derivatives. In our credit risk transfer transactions, a portion of the credit risk associated with losses on a reference pool of mortgage loans is transferred to a third party. We enter into derivative transactions that are associated with some of our credit risk transfer transactions, whereby we manage investment risk to guarantee that certain unconsolidated VIEs have sufficient cash flows to pay their contractual obligations.
We enter into forward purchase and sale commitments that lock in the future delivery of mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities at a fixed price or yield. Certain commitments to purchase mortgage loans and purchase or sell mortgage-related securities meet the criteria of a derivative. We typically settle the notional amount of our mortgage commitments that are accounted for as derivatives.
Fair Value Hedge Accounting
As discussed in “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” we implemented a fair value hedge accounting program in January 2021. Pursuant to this program, we may designate certain interest-rate swaps as hedging instruments in hedges of the change in fair value attributable to the designated benchmark interest rate for certain closed pools of fixed-rate, single-family mortgage loans or our funding debt. For hedged items in qualifying fair value hedging relationships, changes in fair value attributable to the designated risk are recognized as a basis adjustment to the hedged item. We also report changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument in the same condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income line item used to recognize the earnings effect of the hedged item’s basis adjustment. The objective of our fair value hedges is to reduce GAAP earnings volatility related to changes in benchmark interest rates.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 111 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments | ||||||||
Notional and Fair Value Position of our Derivatives
The following table displays the notional amount and estimated fair value of our asset and liability derivative instruments, including derivative instruments designated as hedges.
| As of September 30, 2021 | As of December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Derivatives | Liability Derivatives | Asset Derivatives | Liability Derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notional Amount | Estimated Fair Value | Notional Amount | Estimated Fair Value | Notional Amount | Estimated Fair Value | Notional Amount | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk management derivatives designated as fair value hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps:(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pay-fixed | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receive-fixed | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total risk management derivatives designated as hedges | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk management derivatives not designated as fair value hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps:(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pay-fixed | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receive-fixed | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions:(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pay-fixed | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receive-fixed | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Futures(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total gross risk management derivatives | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest receivable (payable) | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total risk management derivatives not designated as hedges | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Netting adjustment(2) | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total risk management derivatives portfolio | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage commitment derivatives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitments to purchase whole loans | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forward contracts to purchase mortgage-related securities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forward contracts to sell mortgage-related securities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage commitment derivatives | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit enhancement derivatives | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Centrally cleared derivatives have no ascribable fair value because the positions are settled daily.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 112 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments | ||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk management derivatives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pay-fixed | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Receive-fixed | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaptions: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pay-fixed | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receive-fixed | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Futures | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net contractual interest income (expense) on interest-rate swaps | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total risk management derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage commitment derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit enhancement derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 113 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments | ||||||||
Effect of Fair Value Hedge Accounting
The following table displays the effect of fair value hedge accounting on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, including gains and losses recognized on fair value hedging relationships.
For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Income: Mortgage Loans | Interest Expense: Long-Term Debt | Interest Income: Mortgage Loans | Interest Expense: Long-Term Debt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total amounts presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains (losses) from fair value hedging relationships: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans HFI and related interest-rate contracts: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hedged items | $ | ( | $ | — | $ | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discontinued hedge related basis adjustment amortization | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest accruals on hedging instruments | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt of Fannie Mae and related interest-rate contracts: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hedged items | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discontinued hedge-related basis adjustment amortization | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest accruals on derivative hedging instruments | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total effect of fair value hedges | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 114 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments | ||||||||
Hedged Items in Fair Value Hedging Relationships
The following table displays the carrying amounts of the hedged items that have been in qualifying fair value hedges recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, including the hedged item's cumulative basis adjustments and the closed portfolio balances under the last-of-layer method. The hedged item carrying amounts and total basis adjustments include both open and discontinued hedges. The amortized cost and designated UPB consists only of open hedges as of September 30, 2021.
As of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying Amount Assets (Liabilities) | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Basis Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount | Closed Portfolio of Mortgage Loans Under Last-of-Layer Method | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Basis Adjustments(1)(2) | Remaining Adjustments - Discontinued Hedge | Total Amortized Cost | Designated UPB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans HFI | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt of Fannie Mae | ( | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) No basis adjustment associated with open hedges, as all hedges are designated at the close of business, with a one-day term.
(2) Based on the unamortized balance of the hedge-related cost basis.
Derivative Counterparty Credit Exposure
Our derivative counterparty credit exposure relates principally to interest-rate derivative contracts. We are exposed to the risk that a counterparty in a derivative transaction will default on payments due to us, which may require us to seek a replacement derivative from a different counterparty. This replacement may be at a higher cost, or we may be unable to find a suitable replacement. We manage our derivative counterparty credit exposure relating to our risk management derivative transactions mainly through enforceable master netting arrangements, which allow us to net derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty or clearing organization and clearing member. For our OTC derivative transactions, we require counterparties to post collateral, which may include cash, U.S. Treasury securities, agency debt and agency mortgage-related securities.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 115 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Segment Reporting | ||||||||
9. Segment Reporting
Segment Allocations and Results
The majority of our revenues and expenses are directly associated with each respective business segment and are included in determining its operating results. Those revenues and expenses that are not directly attributable to a particular business segment are allocated based on the size of each segment’s guaranty book of business. The substantial majority of the gains and losses associated with our risk management derivatives, including the impact of hedge accounting, are allocated to our Single-Family business segment.
The following tables display our segment results.
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee and other income(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment gains, net(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains (losses), net(4) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit-related income (expense)(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit (provision) for credit losses | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreclosed property income (expense) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit-related income (expense) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TCCA fees(6) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit enhancement expense(7) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(8) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before federal income taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for federal income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 116 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Segment Reporting | ||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee and other income(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment gains (losses), net(3) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value gains (losses), net(4) | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit-related income (expense)(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit (provision) for credit losses | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreclosed property expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit-related income (expense) | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TCCA fees(6) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit enhancement expense(7) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(8) | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expenses, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before federal income taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for federal income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Net interest income primarily consists of guaranty fees received as compensation for assuming and managing the credit risk on loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS held by third parties for the respective business segment, and the difference between the interest income earned on the respective business segment’s mortgage assets in our retained mortgage portfolio and the interest expense associated with the debt funding those assets. Revenues from single-family guaranty fees include revenues generated by the 10 basis point increase in guaranty fees pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is remitted to Treasury and not retained by us. Also includes yield maintenance fees we recognized on the prepayment of multifamily loans. Beginning in January 2021, net interest income was impacted by the application of fair value hedge accounting. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” for additional information on our fair value hedge accounting policy and related disclosures.
(2)Single-family fee and other income primarily consists of compensation for engaging in structured transactions and providing other lender services. Multifamily fee and other income consists of fees associated with Multifamily business activities.
(3)Single-family investment gains and losses primarily consist of gains and losses on the sale of mortgage assets. Multifamily investment gains and losses primarily consists of gains and losses on resecuritization activity.
(4)Single-family fair value gains and losses primarily consist of fair value gains and losses on risk management and mortgage commitment derivatives, trading securities, fair value option debt, and other financial instruments associated with our single-family guaranty book of business. Multifamily fair value gains and losses primarily consist of fair value gains and losses on MBS commitment derivatives, trading securities and other financial instruments associated with our multifamily guaranty book of business. Beginning in January 2021, fair value gains (losses), net was impacted by the application of fair value hedge accounting. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” for additional information on our fair value hedge accounting policy and related disclosures.
(5)Credit-related income or expense is based on the guaranty book of business of the respective business segment and consists of the applicable segment’s benefit or provision for credit losses and foreclosed property income or expense on loans underlying the segment’s guaranty book of business.
(6)Consists of the portion of our single-family guaranty fees that is remitted to Treasury pursuant to the TCCA.
(7)Single-family credit enhancement expense consists of costs associated with our freestanding credit enhancements, which primarily include costs associated with our Credit Insurance Risk TransferTM (“CIRTTM”), Connecticut Avenue Securities® (“CAS”) and enterprise-paid mortgage insurance (“EPMI”) programs. Multifamily credit enhancement expense primarily consists of costs associated with our Multifamily CIRTTM (“MCIRTTM”) and Multifamily Connecticut Avenue SecuritiesTM (“MCASTM”) programs as well as amortization expense for certain lender risk-sharing programs. Excludes CAS transactions accounted for as debt instruments and credit risk transfer programs accounted for as derivative instruments.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 117 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||||||||
10. Concentrations of Credit Risk
Risk Characteristics of our Guaranty Book of Business
One of the measures by which we gauge our credit risk is the delinquency status of the mortgage loans in our guaranty book of business.
For single-family and multifamily loans, we use this information, in conjunction with housing market and other economic data, to structure our pricing and our eligibility and underwriting criteria to reflect the current risk of loans with higher-risk characteristics, and in some cases we decide to significantly reduce our participation in riskier loan product categories. Management also uses this data together with other credit risk measures to identify key trends that guide the development of our loss mitigation strategies.
We report the delinquency status of our single-family and multifamily guaranty book of business below. We report loans receiving COVID-19-related payment forbearance as delinquent according to the contractual terms of the loans.
Single-Family Credit Risk Characteristics
For single-family loans, management monitors the serious delinquency rate, which is the percentage of single-family loans, based on the number of loans, that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process, and loans that have higher risk characteristics, such as high mark-to-market LTV ratios.
The following tables display the delinquency status and serious delinquency rates for specified loan categories of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business.
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 Days Delinquent | 60 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(1) | 30 Days Delinquent | 60 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of single-family conventional guaranty book of business based on UPB | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of single-family conventional loans based on loan count | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business Based on UPB | Serious Delinquency Rate(1) | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business Based on UPB | Serious Delinquency Rate(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 100% | * | % | * | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Geographical distribution: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| California | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Jersey | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other states | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product distribution: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alt-A | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vintages: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2004 and prior | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005-2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009-2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
* Represents less than 0.5% of single-family conventional guaranty book of business.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 118 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||||||||
Multifamily Credit Risk Characteristics
For multifamily loans, management monitors the serious delinquency rate, which is the percentage of multifamily loans, based on unpaid principal balance, that are 60 days or more past due, and loans with other higher risk characteristics to determine the overall credit quality of our multifamily book of business. Higher risk characteristics include, but are not limited to, current debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”) below 1.0 and original LTV ratios greater than 80%. We stratify multifamily loans into different internal risk categories based on the credit risk inherent in each individual loan.
The following tables display the delinquency status and serious delinquency rates for specified loan categories of our multifamily guaranty book of business.
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2021(1) | December 31, 2020(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(2) | 30 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of multifamily guaranty book of business | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business(1) | Serious Delinquency Rate(2)(3) | Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business(1) | Serious Delinquency Rate(2)(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Original LTV ratio: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 80% | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less than or equal to 80% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Current DSCR below 1.0(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business.
(3)Calculated based on the unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans that were seriously delinquent divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans for each category included in our multifamily guaranty book of business.
Other Concentrations
Mortgage Insurers. Mortgage insurance “risk in force” refers to our maximum potential loss recovery under the applicable mortgage insurance policies in force and is generally based on the loan-level insurance coverage percentage and, if applicable, any aggregate pool loss limit, as specified in the policy.
The following table displays our total mortgage insurance risk in force by primary and pool insurance, as well as the total risk-in-force mortgage insurance coverage as a percentage of the single-family conventional guaranty book of business.
| As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk in Force | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business | Risk in Force | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage insurance risk in force: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary mortgage insurance | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pool mortgage insurance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage insurance risk in force | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 119 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||||||||
Mortgage insurance does not protect us from all losses on covered loans. For example, mortgage insurance does not cover property damage that is not covered by the hazard insurance we require, and such damage may result in a reduction to, or a denial of, mortgage insurance benefits. Specifically, a property damaged by a flood that was outside a Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”)-identified Special Flood Hazard Area, where we require coverage, or a property damaged by an earthquake are the most likely scenarios where property damage may result in a loss event not covered by hazard insurance.
The table below displays our mortgage insurer counterparties that provided approximately 10% or more of the risk-in-force mortgage insurance coverage on mortgage loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business.
Percentage of Risk-in-Force Coverage by Mortgage Insurer | ||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
Counterparty:(1) | ||||||||||||||
| Arch Capital Group Ltd. | % | % | ||||||||||||
| Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corp. | ||||||||||||||
| Radian Guaranty, Inc. | ||||||||||||||
| Genworth Mortgage Insurance Corp. | ||||||||||||||
| Essent Guaranty, Inc. | ||||||||||||||
| National Mortgage Insurance Corp. | ||||||||||||||
| Others | ||||||||||||||
| Total | % | % | ||||||||||||
(1)Insurance coverage amounts provided for each counterparty may include coverage provided by affiliates and subsidiaries of the counterparty.
PMI and Triad have been paying only a portion of policyholder claims and deferring the remaining portion. PMI is currently paying 77.5 % of claims under its mortgage insurance policies in cash and is deferring the remaining 22.5 %, and Triad is currently paying 75 % of claims in cash and deferring the remaining 25 %. It is uncertain whether PMI or Triad will be permitted in the future to pay their deferred policyholder claims or increase or decrease the amount of cash they pay on claims. RMIC is no longer deferring payments on policyholder claims, but remains in run-off.
We have counterparty credit risk relating to the potential insolvency of, or non-performance by, monoline mortgage insurers that insure single-family loans we purchase or guarantee. There is risk that these counterparties may fail to fulfill their obligations to pay our claims under insurance policies. On at least a quarterly basis, we assess our mortgage insurer counterparties’ respective abilities to fulfill their obligations to us. Our assessment includes financial reviews and analyses of the insurers’ portfolios and capital adequacy. If we determine that it is probable that we will not collect all of our claims from one or more of our mortgage insurer counterparties, it could increase our loss reserves, which could adversely affect our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and net worth.
When we estimate the credit losses that are inherent in our mortgage loans and under the terms of our guaranty obligations, we also consider the recoveries that we will receive on primary mortgage insurance, as mortgage insurance recoveries would reduce the severity of the loss associated with defaulted loans. We evaluate the financial condition of our mortgage insurer counterparties and adjust the contractually due recovery amounts to ensure that expected credit losses as of the balance sheet date are included in our loss reserve estimate. As a result, if our assessment of one or more of our mortgage insurer counterparties’ ability to fulfill their respective obligations to us worsens, it could increase our loss reserves. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our estimated benefit from mortgage insurance, which is based on estimated credit losses as of period end, reduced our loss reserves by $528 million and $1.4 billion, respectively.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 120 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||||||||
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had outstanding receivables of $535 million and $560 million, respectively, recorded in “Other assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to amounts claimed on insured, defaulted loans excluding government-insured loans. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we assessed these outstanding receivables for collectability, and established a valuation allowance of $479 million and $497 million, respectively, which reduced our claim receivable to the amount considered probable of collection.
Mortgage Servicers and Sellers. Mortgage servicers collect mortgage and escrow payments from borrowers, pay taxes and insurance costs from escrow accounts, monitor and report delinquencies, and perform other required activities, including loss mitigation, on our behalf. Our mortgage servicers and sellers may also be obligated to repurchase loans or foreclosed properties, reimburse us for losses or provide other remedies under certain circumstances, such as if it is determined that the mortgage loan did not meet our underwriting or eligibility requirements, if certain loan representations and warranties are violated or if mortgage insurers rescind coverage. Our representation and warranty framework does not require repurchase for loans that have breaches of certain selling representations and warranties if they have met specified criteria for relief.
Our business with mortgage servicers is concentrated. The table below displays the percentage of our single-family guaranty book of business serviced by our top five depository single-family mortgage servicers and top five non-depository single-family mortgage servicers (i.e., servicers that are not insured depository institutions), and identifies one depository servicer that serviced more than 10% of our single-family guaranty book of business based on unpaid principal balance.
| Percentage of Single-Family Guaranty Book of Business | ||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (together with its affiliates) | % | % | ||||||||||||
| Remaining top five depository servicers | ||||||||||||||
| Top five non-depository servicers | ||||||||||||||
| Total | % | % | ||||||||||||
Compared with depository financial institutions, our non-depository servicers pose additional risks because they may not have the same financial strength or operational capacity, or be subject to the same level of regulatory oversight as depository financial institutions.
The table below displays the percentage of our multifamily guaranty book of business serviced by our top five multifamily mortgage servicers, and identifies two servicers that serviced 10% or more of our multifamily guaranty book of business based on unpaid principal balance.
| Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business | ||||||||||||||
| As of | ||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Walker & Dunlop, Inc. | % | % | ||||||||||||
| Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (together with its affiliates) | ||||||||||||||
| Remaining top five servicers | ||||||||||||||
| Total | % | % | ||||||||||||
If a significant mortgage servicer or seller counterparty, or a number of mortgage servicers or sellers, fails to meet their obligations to us, it could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. We mitigate these risks in several ways, including:
•establishing minimum standards and financial requirements for our servicers;
•monitoring financial and portfolio performance as compared with peers and internal benchmarks; and
•for our largest mortgage servicers, conducting periodic financial reviews to confirm compliance with servicing guidelines and servicing performance expectations.
We may take one or more of the following actions to mitigate our credit exposure to mortgage servicers that present a higher risk:
•require a guaranty of obligations by higher-rated entities;
•transfer exposure to third parties;
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 121 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||||||||
•require collateral;
•establish more stringent financial requirements;
•work with underperforming major servicers to improve operational processes; and
•suspend or terminate the selling and servicing relationship if deemed necessary.
Derivatives Counterparties. For information on credit risk associated with our derivative transactions and repurchase agreements see “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” and “Note 11, Netting Arrangements.”
11. Netting Arrangements
We use master netting arrangements, which allow us to offset certain financial instruments and collateral with the same counterparty, to minimize counterparty credit exposure. The tables below display information related to derivatives, securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase or similar arrangements, which are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement that are either offset or not offset in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
| As of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amount Offset(1) | Net Amount Presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | Amounts Not Offset in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Amount | Financial Instruments(2) | Collateral(3) | Net Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OTC risk management derivatives | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cleared risk management derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivative assets | ( | (4) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements(5) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OTC risk management derivatives | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cleared risk management derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivative liabilities | ( | ( | (4) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase or similar arrangements(6) | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 122 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Netting Arrangements | ||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amount Offset(1) | Net Amount Presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | Amounts Not Offset in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Amount | Financial Instruments(2) | Collateral(3) | Net Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OTC risk management derivatives | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared risk management derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivative assets | ( | (4) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements(5) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OTC risk management derivatives | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared risk management derivatives | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivative liabilities | ( | ( | (4) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase or similar arrangements (6) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the effect of the right to offset under legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with the same counterparty on a net basis, including cash collateral posted and received and accrued interest.
(2)Mortgage commitment derivative amounts reflect where we have recognized both an asset and a liability with the same counterparty under an enforceable master netting arrangement but we have not elected to offset the related amounts in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Represents collateral received that has not been recognized and not offset in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, as well as collateral posted which has been recognized but not offset in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Does not include collateral held or posted in excess of our exposure. The fair value of non-cash collateral we pledged which the counterparty was permitted to sell or repledge was $3.8 billion and $4.7 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The fair value of non-cash collateral received was $87.0 billion and $46.6 billion, of which $33.5 billion and $46.6 billion could be sold or repledged as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. None
(4)Excludes derivative assets of less than $1 million and $179 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and derivative liabilities of $20 million and $49 million recognized in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, that are not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements.
(5)Includes $53.1 billion and $18.4 billion in securities purchased under agreements to resell classified as “Cash and cash equivalents” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Includes $6.3 billion in securities purchased under agreements to resell classified as “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021. There were no securities purchased under agreements to resell classified as “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” as of December 31, 2020.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 123 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
12. Fair Value
We use fair value measurements for the initial recording of certain assets and liabilities and periodic remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.
Fair Value Measurement
Fair value measurement guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and sets forth disclosures around fair value measurements. This guidance applies whenever other accounting guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. The guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs into the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority, Level 1, to measurements based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The next highest priority, Level 2, is given to measurements of assets and liabilities based on limited observable inputs or observable inputs for similar assets and liabilities. The lowest priority, Level 3, is given to measurements based on unobservable inputs.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 124 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
Recurring Changes in Fair Value
The following tables display our assets and liabilities measured in our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition, including instruments for which we have elected the fair value option.
Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment(1) | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recurring fair value measurements: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash equivalents(2) | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other agency | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private-label and other mortgage securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other agency | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage revenue bonds | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk management derivatives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaptions | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Netting adjustment | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage commitment derivatives | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit enhancement derivatives | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other assets | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior floating | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total of Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of consolidated trusts | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk management derivatives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaptions | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Netting adjustment | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage commitment derivatives | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit enhancement derivatives | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other liabilities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 125 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment(1) | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recurring fair value measurements: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash equivalents(2) | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other agency | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private-label and other mortgage securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk management derivatives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Netting adjustment | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage commitment derivatives | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit enhancement derivatives | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other assets | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior floating | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total of Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of consolidated trusts | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk management derivatives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Netting adjustment | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage commitment derivatives | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit enhancement derivatives | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other liabilities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Derivative contracts are reported on a gross basis by level. The netting adjustment represents the effect of the legal right to offset under legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with the same counterparty on a net basis, including cash collateral posted and received.
(2)Cash equivalents are comprised of U.S. Treasuries that have a maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 126 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
The following tables display a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The tables also display gains and losses due to changes in fair value, including realized and unrealized gains and losses, recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for Level 3 assets and liabilities.
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Gains (Losses) (Realized/Unrealized) | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of September 30, 2021(4)(5) | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in OCI Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of September 30, 2021(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2021 | Included in Net Income | Included in Total OCI Gain/(Loss)(1) | Purchases(2) | Sales(2) | Issues(3) | Settlements(3) | Transfers out of Level 3 | Transfers into Level 3 | Balance, September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | $ | ( | (5)(6) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | $ | (6)(7) | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | $ | $ | (5)(6) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives | ( | (5) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior floating | $ | ( | $ | (5) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | ( | ( | (5)(6) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 127 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Gains (Losses) (Realized/Unrealized) | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of September 30, 2021(4)(5) | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in OCI Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of September 30, 2021(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | Included in Net Income | Included in Total OCI Gain/(Loss)(1) | Purchases(2) | Sales(2) | Issues(3) | Settlements(3) | Transfers out of Level 3 | Transfers into Level 3 | Balance, September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | $ | ( | (5)(6) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | $ | (6)(7) | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | $ | $ | (5)(6) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives | ( | (5) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior floating | $ | ( | $ | (5) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | ( | ( | (5)(6) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 128 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Gains (Losses) (Realized/Unrealized) | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of September 30, 2020(4)(5) | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in OCI Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of September 30, 2020(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2020 | Included in Net Income | Included in Total OCI Gain/(Loss)(1) | Purchases(2) | Sales(2) | Issues(3) | Settlements(3) | Transfers out of Level 3 | Transfers into Level 3 | Balance, September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private-label and other mortgage securities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | $ | ( | (5)(6) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | $ | (6)(7) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | $ | $ | (5)(6) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives | (5) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior floating | $ | ( | $ | ( | (5) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | ( | ( | (5)(6) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 129 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Gains (Losses) (Realized/Unrealized) | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of September 30, 2020(4)(5) | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in OCI Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of September 30, 2020(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2019 | Included in Net Income | Included in Total OCI Gain/(Loss)(1) | Purchases(2) | Sales(2) | Issues(3) | Settlements(3) | Transfers out of Level 3 | Transfers into Level 3 | Balance, September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private-label and other mortgage securities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | $ | ( | (5)(6) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | $ | ( | (6)(7) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | $ | $ | (5)(6) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives | (5) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior floating | $ | ( | $ | ( | (5) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | ( | (5)(6) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss) are included in “Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments and taxes” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
(2)Purchases and sales include activity related to the consolidation and deconsolidation of assets of securitization trusts.
(3)Issues and settlements include activity related to the consolidation and deconsolidation of liabilities of securitization trusts.
(4)Amount represents temporary changes in fair value. Amortization, accretion and the impairment of credit losses are not considered unrealized and are not included in this amount.
(5)Gains (losses) are included in “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
(6)Gains (losses) are included in “Net interest income” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
(7)Gains (losses) are included in “Investment gains, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 130 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
The following tables display valuation techniques and the range and the weighted average of significant unobservable inputs for our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding instruments for which we have elected the fair value option. Changes in these unobservable inputs can result in significantly higher or lower fair value measurements of these assets and liabilities as of the reporting date.
Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Significant Valuation Techniques | Significant Unobservable Inputs(1) | Range(1) | Weighted - Average(1)(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recurring fair value measurements: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency(3) | $ | Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency(3) | Consensus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total agency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | Single Vendor | Spreads (bps) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage revenue bonds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | Discounted Cash Flow | Spreads (bps) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives | $ | Dealer Mark | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ( | Discounted Cash Flow | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net derivatives | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 131 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Significant Valuation Techniques | Significant Unobservable Inputs(1) | Range(1) | Weighted - Average(1)(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recurring fair value measurements: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency(3) | $ | Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency(3) | Consensus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total agency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | Various | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | Single Vendor | Spreads (bps) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage revenue bonds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | Discounted Cash Flow | Spreads (bps) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives | $ | Dealer Mark | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discounted Cash Flow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net derivatives | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Valuation techniques for which no unobservable inputs are disclosed generally reflect the use of third-party pricing services or dealers, and the range of unobservable inputs applied by these sources is not readily available or cannot be reasonably estimated. Where we have disclosed unobservable inputs for consensus and single vendor techniques, those inputs are based on our validations performed at the security level using discounted cash flows.
(2)Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.
(3)Includes Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac securities.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 132 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
The following table displays valuation techniques for our Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Fair Value Measurements as of | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Valuation Techniques | September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonrecurring fair value measurements: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value | Consensus | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Single Vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost | Internal Model | |||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost | Appraisals | |||||||||||||||||||
| Internal Model | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Broker Price Opinion | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total multifamily mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired property, net: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Single-family | Accepted Offers | |||||||||||||||||||
| Appraisals | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Internal Model | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Walk Forwards | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total single-family | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Multifamily | Various | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total nonrecurring assets at fair value | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
We use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. See “Note 15, Fair Value” in our 2020 Form 10-K for information on the valuation control processes and the valuation techniques we use for fair value measurement and disclosure as well as our basis for classifying these measurements as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy in more specific situations. We made no material changes to the valuation control processes or the valuation techniques for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 133 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table displays the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments. The fair value of financial instruments we disclose includes commitments to purchase multifamily and single-family mortgage loans that we do not record in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of these commitments are included as “Mortgage loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses.” The disclosure excludes all non-financial instruments; therefore, the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities does not represent the underlying fair value of our total consolidated assets and liabilities.
| As of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advances to lenders | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative assets at fair value | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranty assets and buy-ups | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of consolidated trusts | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities at fair value | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranty obligations | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 134 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advances to lenders | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative assets at fair value | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranty assets and buy-ups | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of Fannie Mae | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Of consolidated trusts | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities at fair value | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranty obligations | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For a detailed description and classification of our financial instruments, see “Note 15, Fair Value” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Fair Value Option
We elected the fair value option for loans and debt that contain embedded derivatives that would otherwise require bifurcation. Additionally, we elected the fair value option for our credit risk-sharing securities accounted for as debt of Fannie Mae issued under our CAS series prior to January 1, 2016. Under the fair value option, we elected to carry these instruments at fair value instead of bifurcating the embedded derivative from such instruments.
Interest income for the mortgage loans is recorded in “Interest income—Mortgage loans” and interest expense for the debt instruments is recorded in “Interest expense—Long-term debt” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 135 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||||||||
The following table displays the fair value and unpaid principal balance of the financial instruments for which we have made fair value elections.
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans(1) | Long-Term Debt of Fannie Mae | Long-Term Debt of Consolidated Trusts | Loans(1) | Long-Term Debt of Fannie Mae | Long-Term Debt of Consolidated Trusts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unpaid principal balance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in Fair Value under the Fair Value Option Election
We recorded gains of $28 million and $48 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and gains of $107 million and $248 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, from changes in the fair value of loans recorded at fair value in “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
We recorded gains of $62 million and $346 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and losses of $32 million and $344 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, from changes in the fair value of long-term debt recorded at fair value in “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
13. Commitments and Contingencies
We are party to various types of legal actions and proceedings, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. We also are subject to regulatory examinations, inquiries and investigations, and other information gathering requests. In some of the matters, indeterminate amounts are sought. Modern pleading practice in the U.S. permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages or other relief. Jurisdictions may permit claimants not to specify the monetary damages sought or may permit claimants to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of the trial court. This variability in pleadings, together with our and our counsel’s actual experience in litigating or settling claims, leads us to conclude that the monetary relief that may be sought by plaintiffs bears little relevance to the merits or disposition value of claims.
We have substantial and valid defenses to the claims in the proceedings described below and intend to defend these matters vigorously. However, legal actions and proceedings of all types are subject to many uncertain factors that generally cannot be predicted with assurance. Accordingly, the outcome of any given matter and the amount or range of potential loss at particular points in time is frequently difficult to ascertain. Uncertainties can include how fact finders will evaluate documentary evidence and the credibility and effectiveness of witness testimony, and how courts will apply the law. Disposition valuations are also subject to the uncertainty of how opposing parties and their counsel may view the evidence and applicable law.
In addition to the matters specifically described below, we are involved in a number of legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business that we do not expect will have a material impact on our business or
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 136 | |||||||
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Commitments and Contingencies | ||||||||
financial condition. We have also advanced fees and expenses of certain current and former officers and directors in connection with various legal proceedings pursuant to our bylaws and indemnification agreements.
Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements Litigation
A consolidated class action (“In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action Litigations”) and two non-class action lawsuits, Arrowood Indemnity Company v. Fannie Mae and Fairholme Funds v. FHFA, filed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac shareholders against us, FHFA as our conservator, and Freddie Mac are pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. The lawsuits challenge the August 2012 amendment to each company’s senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury.
Plaintiffs filed amended complaints in all three lawsuits on November 1, 2017 alleging that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to the August 2012 amendments nullified certain of the shareholders’ rights, particularly the right to receive dividends. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages, equitable and injunctive relief, and costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees. Plaintiffs in the class action seek to represent several classes of preferred and/or common shareholders of Fannie Mae and/or Freddie Mac who held stock as of the public announcement of the August 2012 amendments. On September 28, 2018, the court dismissed all of the plaintiffs’ claims except for their claims for breach of an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.
Given the stage of these lawsuits, the substantial and novel legal questions that remain, and our substantial defenses, we are currently unable to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss arising from this litigation.
| Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 137 | |||||||
| Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | ||||||||
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Information about market risk is set forth in “MD&A—Risk Management—Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management.”
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Overview
We are required under applicable laws and regulations to maintain controls and procedures, which include disclosure controls and procedures as well as internal control over financial reporting, as further described below.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures in effect as of September 30, 2021, the end of the period covered by this report. As a result of management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2021 or as of the date of filing this report.
Our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2021 or as of the date of filing this report because they did not adequately ensure the accumulation and communication to management of information known to FHFA that is needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws. As a result, we were not able to rely upon the disclosure controls and procedures that were in place as of September 30, 2021 or as of the date of this filing, and we continue to have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material weakness is described in more detail below under “Description of Material Weakness.” Based on discussions with FHFA and the structural nature of this material weakness, we do not expect to remediate this material weakness while we are under conservatorship.
Description of Material Weakness
The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s Auditing Standard 2201 defines a material weakness as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Management has determined that we continued to have the following material weakness as of September 30, 2021 and as of the date of filing this report:
•Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We have been under the conservatorship of FHFA since September 6, 2008. Under the GSE Act, FHFA is an independent agency that currently functions as both our conservator and our regulator with respect to our safety, soundness and mission. Because of the nature of the conservatorship under the GSE Act, which places us under the “control” of FHFA (as that term is defined by securities laws), some of the information that we may need to meet our disclosure obligations may be solely within the knowledge of FHFA. As our conservator, FHFA has the power to take actions without our knowledge that could be material to our shareholders and other stakeholders, and could significantly affect our financial performance or our continued existence as an ongoing business. Although we and FHFA attempted to design and implement
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 138 | |||||||
| Controls and Procedures | ||||||||
disclosure policies and procedures that would account for the conservatorship and accomplish the same objectives as a disclosure controls and procedures policy of a typical reporting company, there are inherent structural limitations on our ability to design, implement, test or operate effective disclosure controls and procedures. As both our regulator and our conservator under the GSE Act, FHFA is limited in its ability to design and implement a complete set of disclosure controls and procedures relating to Fannie Mae, particularly with respect to current reporting pursuant to Form 8-K. Similarly, as a regulated entity, we are limited in our ability to design, implement, operate and test the controls and procedures for which FHFA is responsible.
Due to these circumstances, we have not been able to update our disclosure controls and procedures in a manner that adequately ensures the accumulation and communication to management of information known to FHFA that is needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws, including disclosures affecting our condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result, we did not maintain effective controls and procedures designed to ensure complete and accurate disclosure as required by GAAP as of September 30, 2021 or as of the date of filing this report. Based on discussions with FHFA and the structural nature of this weakness, we do not expect to remediate this material weakness while we are under conservatorship.
Mitigating Actions Related to Material Weakness
As described above under “Description of Material Weakness,” we continue to have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to our disclosure controls and procedures. However, we and FHFA have engaged in the following practices intended to permit accumulation and communication to management of information needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws:
•FHFA has established the Division of Conservatorship Oversight and Readiness, which is intended to facilitate operation of the company with the oversight of the conservator.
•We have provided drafts of our SEC filings to FHFA personnel for their review and comment prior to filing. We also have provided drafts of external press releases, statements and speeches to FHFA personnel for their review and comment prior to release.
•FHFA personnel, including senior officials, have reviewed our SEC filings prior to filing, including this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (“Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q”), and engaged in discussions regarding issues associated with the information contained in those filings. Prior to filing our Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q, FHFA provided Fannie Mae management with written acknowledgment that it had reviewed the Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q, and it was not aware of any material misstatements or omissions in the Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q and had no objection to our filing the Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q.
•Our senior management meets regularly with senior leadership at FHFA, including, but not limited to, the Acting Director.
•FHFA representatives attend meetings frequently with various groups within the company to enhance the flow of information and to provide oversight on a variety of matters, including accounting, credit and market risk management, external communications and legal matters.
•Senior officials within FHFA’s Office of the Chief Accountant have met frequently with our senior finance executives regarding our accounting policies, practices and procedures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, whether any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting from July 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021 that management believes have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
In the ordinary course of business, we review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes that we believe will improve these controls and increase efficiency, while continuing to ensure that we maintain effective internal controls. Changes may include implementing new, more efficient systems, automating manual processes and updating existing systems. For example, we are currently implementing changes to various financial system applications in stages across the company. As we continue to implement these changes, each implementation may become a significant component of our internal control over financial reporting.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 139 | |||||||
| Other Information | ||||||||
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information in this item supplements and updates information regarding certain legal proceedings set forth in “Legal Proceedings” in our 2020 Form 10-K, our First Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q and our Second Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q. We also provide information regarding material legal proceedings in “Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies,” which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition to the matters specifically described or incorporated by reference in this item, we are involved in a number of legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business that we do not expect will have a material impact on our business or financial condition. However, litigation claims and proceedings of all types are subject to many factors and their outcome and effect on our business and financial condition generally cannot be predicted accurately.
We establish an accrual for legal claims only when a loss is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount of such loss. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued for those claims. If certain of these matters are determined against us, FHFA or Treasury, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, including our net worth.
Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements Litigation
Between June 2013 and August 2018, preferred and common stockholders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed lawsuits in multiple federal courts against one or more of the United States, Treasury and FHFA, challenging actions taken by the defendants relating to the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac senior preferred stock purchase agreements and the conservatorships of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Some of these lawsuits also contain claims against Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The legal claims being advanced by one or more of these lawsuits include challenges to the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to August 2012 amendments to the agreements, the payment of dividends to Treasury under the net worth sweep dividend provisions, and FHFA’s decision to require Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to draw funds from Treasury in order to pay dividends to Treasury prior to the August 2012 amendments. The plaintiffs seek various forms of equitable and injunctive relief as well as damages. The cases that remain pending after June 30, 2021 are as follows:
District of Columbia. Fannie Mae is a defendant in three cases pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia—a consolidated class action and two additional cases. In all three cases, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac stockholders filed amended complaints on November 1, 2017 against us, FHFA as our conservator and Freddie Mac. On September 28, 2018, the court dismissed all of the plaintiffs’ claims in these cases, except for their claims for breach of an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. All three cases are described in “Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies.”
Southern District of Texas (Collins v. Yellen). On October 20, 2016, preferred and common stockholders filed a complaint against FHFA and Treasury in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas. On May 22, 2017, the court dismissed the case. On September 6, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, sitting en banc, affirmed the district court’s dismissal of claims against Treasury, but reversed the dismissal of claims against FHFA.
On June 23, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court held that FHFA did not exceed its statutory powers as conservator when it agreed to the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the third amendment to the senior preferred stock purchase agreements in August 2012. The court also held that the provision of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 that restricts the President’s power to remove the FHFA Director without cause violates the Constitution’s separation of powers and, thus, the FHFA Director may be removed by the President for any reason. The court rejected plaintiffs’ request to rescind the third amendment to the senior preferred stock purchase agreements. However, the Supreme Court remanded the case to the Fifth Circuit for further proceedings on the sole issue of whether the stockholders suffered compensable harm related to the constitutional claim during the limited time-period when a Senate-confirmed FHFA Director was in office.
Western District of Michigan. On June 1, 2017, preferred and common stockholders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief against FHFA and Treasury in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan. FHFA and Treasury moved to dismiss the case on September 8, 2017, and plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment on October 6, 2017. On September 8, 2020, the court denied plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment and granted defendants’ motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit on October 27, 2020.
District of Minnesota. On June 22, 2017, preferred and common stockholders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief against FHFA and Treasury in the U.S. District Court for the District of
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 140 | |||||||
| Other Information | ||||||||
Minnesota. The court dismissed the case on July 6, 2018. On October 6, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed in part and reversed in part the district court’s ruling and remanded the case to the district court to determine whether the stockholders suffered compensable harm and are entitled to retrospective relief.
Eastern District of Pennsylvania. On August 16, 2018, common stockholders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief against FHFA and Treasury in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. FHFA and Treasury moved to dismiss the case on November 16, 2018, and plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment on December 21, 2018.
U.S. Court of Federal Claims. Numerous cases are pending against the United States in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. Fannie Mae is a nominal defendant in four of these cases: Fisher v. United States of America, filed on December 2, 2013; Rafter v. United States of America, filed on August 14, 2014; Perry Capital LLC v. United States of America, filed on August 15, 2018; and Fairholme Funds Inc. v. United States, which was originally filed on July 9, 2013, and amended publicly to include Fannie Mae as a nominal defendant on October 2, 2018. Plaintiffs in these cases allege that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to the August 2012 amendment constitute a taking of Fannie Mae’s property without just compensation in violation of the U.S. Constitution. The Fisher plaintiffs are pursuing this claim derivatively on behalf of Fannie Mae, while the Rafter, Perry Capital and Fairholme Funds plaintiffs are pursuing the claim both derivatively and directly against the United States. Plaintiffs in Rafter also allege direct and derivative breach of contract claims against the government. The Perry Capital and Fairholme Funds plaintiffs allege similar breach of contract claims, as well as direct and derivative breach of fiduciary duty claims against the government. Plaintiffs in Fisher request just compensation to Fannie Mae in an unspecified amount. Plaintiffs in Rafter, Perry Capital and Fairholme Funds seek just compensation for themselves on their direct claims and payment of damages to Fannie Mae on their derivative claims. The United States filed a motion to dismiss the Fisher, Rafter and Fairholme Funds cases on August 1, 2018. On December 6, 2019, the court entered an order in the Fairholme Funds case that granted the government’s motion to dismiss all the direct claims but denied the motion as to all of the derivative claims brought on behalf of Fannie Mae. On June 18, 2020, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit agreed to hear the appeal of the court’s December 6, 2019 order. In the Fisher case, the court denied the government’s motion to dismiss on May 8, 2020 and, on August 21, 2020, the Federal Circuit denied the Fisher plaintiffs’ request for interlocutory appeal. Oral argument in the Fairholme Funds case that is on appeal took place on August 4, 2021.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the information in this report, you should carefully consider the risks relating to our business that we identify in “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K. This section supplements and updates that discussion. Also refer to “MD&A—Risk Management,” “MD&A—Single-Family Business” and “MD&A—Multifamily Business” in our 2020 Form 10-K and in this report for more detailed descriptions of the primary risks to our business and how we seek to manage those risks.
The risks we face could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and net worth, and could cause our actual results to differ materially from our past results or the results contemplated by any forward-looking statements we make. We believe the risks described in the sections of this report and our 2020 Form 10-K identified above are the most significant we face; however, these are not the only risks we face. We face additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial.
GSE and Conservatorship Risk
Our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected if we are unable to retain and recruit well-qualified executives and other employees. The conservatorship, the uncertainty of our future and limitations on our executive and employee compensation put us at a disadvantage compared to many other companies with which we compete for talent. In addition, the improving economy has increased the competition we face in retaining and hiring executives and other employees.
Our business is highly dependent on the talents and efforts of our executives and other employees. The conservatorship, the uncertainty of our future and limitations on executive and employee compensation have had, and are likely to continue to have, an adverse effect on our ability to retain and recruit talent. Voluntary attrition of our executives and employees as a whole has increased in 2021. Attrition in key management positions and challenges in finding replacements could harm our ability to manage our business effectively, to successfully implement strategic initiatives, and ultimately could adversely affect our financial performance.
Actions taken by Congress, FHFA and Treasury to date, or that may be taken by them or other government agencies in the future, have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our retention and recruitment of executives and
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other employees. We are subject to significant restrictions on the amount and type of compensation we may pay while under conservatorship. For example:
•The Equity in Government Compensation Act of 2015 limits the compensation and benefits for our Chief Executive Officer to the same level in effect as of January 1, 2015 while we are in conservatorship or receivership. Accordingly, annual direct compensation for our Chief Executive Officer is limited to base salary at an annual rate of $600,000.
•The Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012, known as the STOCK Act, and related FHFA regulations prohibit our senior executives from receiving bonuses during conservatorship.
•As our conservator, FHFA has the authority to approve the terms and amount of our executive compensation and may require changes to our executive compensation program. For example:
◦In 2019, FHFA directed us, for so long as we are in conservatorship, to:
▪increase the mandatory deferral period for at-risk deferred salary received by senior vice presidents and above from one year to two years, effective January 1, 2022 for executives hired before January 1, 2020 and effective January 1, 2020 for executives hired or promoted to senior vice president on or after January 1, 2020; and
▪limit base salaries for all employees to no more than $600,000.
◦In 2019, FHFA directed us to submit for conservator decision any compensation arrangement for a newly hired employee where the proposed total target direct compensation is $600,000 or above, or any increase in total target direct compensation for an existing employee where the proposed total target direct compensation is $600,000 or above. This directive continues for so long as we are in conservatorship.
◦For new executive hires and compensation increase requests for executives, FHFA has requested that we target annual direct compensation to the 25th percentile of the market to the extent practicable and subject to appropriate exceptions.
•The terms of our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury contain specified restrictions relating to compensation, including a prohibition on selling or issuing equity securities without Treasury’s prior written consent except under limited circumstances, which effectively eliminates our ability to offer equity-based compensation to our employees.
As a result of the restrictions on our compensation, we have not been able to incent and reward excellent performance with compensation structures that provide upside potential to our executives, which places us at a disadvantage compared to many other companies in attracting and retaining executives. In addition, the restrictions on our compensation and the uncertainty of potential action by Congress or the Administration with respect to our future— including whether we will exit conservatorship, how long it may take before we exit conservatorship, or whether housing finance reform will result in a significant restructuring of the company or the company no longer continuing to exist—also negatively affects our ability to retain and recruit executives and other employees.
The cap on our Chief Executive Officer compensation continues to make retention and succession planning for this position difficult, and it may make it difficult to attract qualified candidates for this critical role in the future.
In June 2021, FHFA issued a request for input on our executive compensation. The request for input asks for public feedback on our executive compensation program both during and after conservatorship. Changes in our executive compensation program could affect our ability to retain and recruit executive officers. See “Legislation and Regulation—Executive Compensation Request for Input,” in our Second Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q for more information on the request for input.
We face competition from the financial services and technology industries, and from businesses outside of these industries, for qualified executives and other employees. Additionally, with an improving economy and with increased remote work opportunities, attractive opportunities have become more available to our executives and other employees, which has increased the competition we face from other companies in hiring new executives and other employees. If this increased competition for executive and employee talent persists and if we are unable to retain, promote and attract executives and other employees with the necessary skills and talent, we would face increased risks for operational failures. If there were several high-level departures at approximately the same time, our ability to conduct our business could be materially adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 142 | |||||||
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COVID-19 Pandemic Risk
The COVID-19 pandemic may continue to adversely affect our business and financial results.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly adversely affected the U.S. economy, particularly in the second quarter of 2020. Economic conditions in the United States have improved substantially since the second quarter of 2020, but risks relating to the pandemic remain that could negatively affect the economic recovery. While new daily cases of COVID-19 in the U.S. began to decline substantially with the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program in the first half of 2021, contributing to a significant increase in business activity and an improved economy in 2021, the level of community transmission in the United States remains high, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC. The emergence of other new, more infectious variants of the coronavirus, potential waning of vaccine effectiveness over time and lower vaccination rates in certain areas of the country could lead to new shut-downs or other business restrictions or constraints in various locales and reductions in business activity. If this occurs and negatively affects the economic recovery, it could impact the ability of borrowers and renters to make their monthly payments, which could negatively affect our business and financial results.
Our current forecasts and expectations relating to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are subject to many uncertainties and may change, perhaps substantially. Factors that may impact the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our business, financial results and financial condition include: the duration, spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic; the actions taken to contain the virus or treat its impact, including government actions to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic and COVID-19 vaccination rates; the effectiveness of currently available COVID-19 vaccines over time and against variants of the coronavirus; the nature, extent and success of the forbearance, payment deferrals, modifications and other loss mitigation options we provide to borrowers affected by the pandemic; accounting elections and estimates relating to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; borrower and renter behavior in response to the pandemic and its economic impact; the extent to which current economic and operating conditions continue, including whether any future outbreaks or increases in new COVID-19 cases interrupt economic recovery; and how quickly and to what extent affected borrowers, renters and counterparties recover from the negative economic impact of the pandemic. While we are unable to predict the future course of these events or their longer-term effects on our business, key areas we have identified where the COVID-19 pandemic is negatively affecting or may negatively affect our business, financial results and financial condition are described below:
•Increased borrower credit risk. Among other factors, income growth and unemployment levels affect borrowers’ ability to repay their mortgage loans. The economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in the serious delinquency rate of the single-family and multifamily loans in our guaranty book of business in 2020. While our single-family and multifamily serious delinquency rates declined in the first nine months of 2021 due to the ongoing economic recovery and the decline in the number of our loans in forbearance plans, they remain significantly higher than pre-pandemic levels. And although our expectations relating to the extent of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our credit results have improved since 2020, uncertainty remains with respect to the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and financial results. We may ultimately experience greater losses than we currently expect and may have high credit-related expenses in future periods. Moreover, we are taking a number of actions to help borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic that may continue to adversely affect our financial results and financial condition, such as providing forbearance to single-family and multifamily borrowers impacted by COVID-19-related financial hardships. We discuss some of the actions we are taking and their impact in more detail in “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management” and in “MD&A—Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management.”
The CFPB and certain states and localities have implemented COVID-19-related borrower and/or renter protections that are more extensive than our requirements. The CFPB and states and localities may continue to consider such proposals in the future or extend the time period of existing protections. These additional protections, depending on their scope and whether and to what extent they apply to our business, could contribute to a higher number of single-family and multifamily borrowers becoming delinquent on their loans or limit our ability to take enforcement actions with respect to our loans.
In addition, while home price appreciation was strong in 2020 and the first nine months of 2021, any additional economic dislocation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could result in declines in home prices and multifamily property valuations in the future. Declines in home prices and multifamily property valuations would increase the amount of our loss in the event a borrower defaults on their loan. The magnitude of the impact would likely vary significantly across geographic regions and based on the credit characteristics of the loans.
The COVID-19 pandemic may also affect the credit quality of our new loan acquisitions. For example, CARES Act provisions prohibiting lenders from reporting previously-current borrowers receiving COVID-19-related
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payment accommodations as delinquent to the credit bureaus may result in our not having accurate data on a borrower’s credit history when we are determining the eligibility of the single-family loans we acquire.
•Increased human capital and business resiliency risk. As noted above, COVID-19 continues to spread in the United States. If a significant number of our executives or other employees, or family members for whom they provide care, contract COVID-19 during the same time period, it could materially adversely affect our ability to manage our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The risk of executives, other employees or their family members contracting COVID-19 may increase with the further reopening of workplaces and schools. We are now allowing employees to work from our primary office locations on a voluntary basis and anticipate more fully opening our office locations next year. Although we have established COVID-19 safety protocols, the return of employees to the office may increase the risk of our employees contracting COVID-19.
At this time, a significant majority of our employees are working remotely. While our transition to a remote work environment has been successful to date, this remote work arrangement increases the risk that technological, cybersecurity or other operational incidents could materially adversely affect our business operations. This telework arrangement, as well as the risk that employees or their family members could contract COVID-19 and our reliance on third parties for some functions, also could materially adversely affect our ability to maintain effective controls, which could result in material errors to our reported financial results or disclosures that are not complete or accurate.
•Increased counterparty credit and operational risk. Economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to default by one or more of our institutional counterparties on their obligations to us, which could result in significant financial losses. For example, if the pandemic results in a substantially higher level of mortgage defaults, it could affect our mortgage insurer counterparties' ability to fully meet their payment obligations to us.
In addition, if multiple single-family or multifamily servicers were to fail to meet their obligations to us, it could cause substantial disruption to our business, borrowers and the mortgage industry. We may not be able to transfer the servicing of loans to new servicers without significant operational disruptions and financial losses, and there may not be sufficient industry capacity to take on large servicing transfers.
•Increased model and accounting estimate risk. The unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect our ability to rely on models to effectively manage the risks to our business. Moreover, the CARES Act provisions prohibiting lenders from reporting some borrowers receiving COVID-19-related payment accommodations as delinquent may also impact the stability of the interpretation and predictiveness of borrower credit data and therefore the reliability of our models in the future.
•Increased risk of additional government action affecting our business. Federal, state and local governments have taken many actions that have adversely affected or could adversely affect our financial results, such as the loan forbearance requirements of the CARES Act. In addition, while states have generally lifted most or all of their COVID-19-related restrictions on businesses, new restrictions could be imposed in the future if the level of new COVID-19 cases or hospitalizations rises. The U.S. Congress, Treasury, the Federal Reserve, FHFA or other national, state or local government agencies or legislatures may take additional steps in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that could adversely affect our business, financial results and financial condition, such as expanding or extending our obligations to help borrowers, renters or counterparties affected by the pandemic or imposing new business shut-downs or other restrictions.
•Increased risk of mortgage fraud. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, until recently, we offered certain temporary flexibilities relating to our Single-Family Selling Guide requirements. This could increase the risk of mortgage fraud relating to the loans we acquired during the time period we offered these flexibilities.
Operational Risk
A breach of the security of our systems or facilities, or those of third parties with which we do business, including as a result of cyber attacks, could damage or disrupt our business or result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential information, which could damage our reputation, result in regulatory sanctions and/or increase our costs and cause losses.
Our operations rely on the secure receipt, processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks and with our business partners, including proprietary, confidential or personal information that is subject to privacy laws, regulations or contractual obligations. Information security risks for large institutions like us have significantly increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies and the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct or automate financial transactions. A number of financial services companies, consumer-based companies and other organizations have reported the
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unauthorized disclosure of client, customer or other confidential information, as well as cyber attacks involving the dissemination, theft and destruction of corporate information, intellectual property, cash or other valuable assets. There have also been several highly publicized ransomware cyber attacks where hackers have requested “ransom” payments in exchange for not disclosing stolen customer information or for unlocking or not disabling the target company’s computer or other systems.
We have been, and likely will continue to be, the target of cyber attacks, computer viruses, malicious code, phishing attacks, denial of service attacks and other information security threats. To date, cyber attacks have not had a material impact on our financial condition, results or business. However, we could suffer material financial or other losses in the future as a result of cyber attacks, and these attacks and their impacts are hard to predict. Our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other things:
•the evolving nature of these threats;
•the current global economic and political environment;
•our prominent size and scale and our role in the financial services industry;
•the outsourcing of some of our business operations;
•the ongoing shortage of qualified cybersecurity professionals;
•our migration to cloud-based systems;
•our increased use of employee-owned devices for business communication;
•the large number of our employees working remotely; and
•the interconnectivity and interdependence of third parties to our systems.
Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our software, computers, systems and information, we may not be able to anticipate, detect or recognize threats to our systems and assets, or to implement effective preventive measures against all cyber threats, especially because the techniques used are increasingly sophisticated, change frequently, are complex, and are often not recognized until launched. In addition, although we have not experienced any material impacts from the SolarWinds Orion cyber breach in late 2020, which reportedly affected roughly 18,000 organizations, or the Microsoft Exchange cyber attack in early 2021, which reportedly affected over 30,000 organizations, these two recent large-scale cyber attacks suggest that the risk of damaging cyberattacks impacting us and/or third-parties with which we do business is increasing. We expect cyber attack and breach incidents to continue, and we are unable to predict the direct or indirect impact of future attacks or breaches on our business operations.
We routinely identify cyber threats as well as vulnerabilities in our systems and work to address them. Some cyber vulnerabilities take a substantial amount of time to resolve. In addition, efforts to resolve them may be insufficient. Further, these efforts involve costs that can be significant as cyber attack methods continue to rapidly evolve. Cyber attacks can originate from a variety of sources, including external parties who are affiliated with foreign governments or are involved with organized crime or terrorist organizations. Third parties may also attempt to induce employees, customers or other users of our systems to disclose sensitive information or provide access to our systems or network, or to our data or that of our counterparties or borrowers, and these types of risks may be difficult to detect or prevent.
The occurrence of a cyber attack, breach, unauthorized access, misuse, computer virus or other malicious code or other cybersecurity event could jeopardize or result in the unauthorized disclosure, gathering, monitoring, misuse, corruption, loss or destruction of confidential and other information that belongs to us, our customers, our counterparties, third-party service providers or borrowers that is processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks. The occurrence of such an event could also result in damage to our software, computers or systems, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our customers’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations. This could result in significant financial losses, loss of customers and business opportunities, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Cyber attacks can occur and persist for an extended period of time without detection. Investigations of cyber attacks are inherently unpredictable, and it takes time to complete an investigation and have full and reliable information. While we are investigating a cyber attack, we do not necessarily know the extent of the harm or how best to remediate it, and we can repeat or compound certain errors or actions before we discover and remediate them. In addition, announcing that a cyber attack has occurred increases the risk of additional cyber attacks, and preparing for this elevated risk can delay the announcement of a cyber attack. All or any of these challenges could further increase the costs and consequences of a cyber attack.
In addition, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks. Although we
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maintain insurance coverage relating to cybersecurity risks, our insurance may not be sufficient to provide adequate loss coverage in all circumstances.
Because we are interconnected with and dependent on third-party vendors, exchanges, clearing houses, fiscal and paying agents, and other financial intermediaries, including CSS, we could be materially adversely impacted if any of them is subject to a successful cyber attack or other information security event. Third parties with which we do business may also be sources of cybersecurity or other technological risks. We outsource certain functions and these relationships allow for the external storage and processing of our information, as well as customer, counterparty and borrower information, including on cloud-based systems. We also share this type of information with regulatory agencies and their vendors. While we engage in actions to mitigate our exposure resulting from our information-sharing activities, ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss or destruction of data or other cybersecurity incidents with increased costs and consequences to us such as those described above.
We routinely transmit and receive personal, confidential and proprietary information by electronic means. In addition, our customers maintain personal, confidential and proprietary information on systems we provide. We have discussed and worked with customers, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other third parties to develop secure transmission capabilities and protect against cyber attacks, but we do not have, and may be unable to put in place, secure capabilities with all of our clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other third parties and we may not be able to ensure that these third parties have appropriate controls in place to protect the confidentiality of the information. An interception, misuse or mishandling of personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to or received from a customer, vendor, service provider, counterparty or other third party could result in legal liability, regulatory action and reputational harm.
Market and Industry Risk
A deterioration in general economic conditions, including home prices and employment trends, or financial markets may materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Our business is significantly affected by the status of the U.S. economy, particularly home prices and employment trends. A prolonged period of slow growth in the U.S. economy or any deterioration in general economic conditions or financial markets could materially adversely affect our results of operations, net worth and financial condition. Given the level of fiscal and monetary policy support for the economy in 2020 and 2021, there is a risk that inflation may exceed the level desired by policy makers and currently anticipated in financial markets. This could lead the government to adopt various corrective measures designed to restrict the availability of credit and regulate growth to contain inflation. In September 2021 the Federal Reserve signaled it may soon begin reducing its bond and mortgage-backed securities purchases as inflation “is on track to moderately exceed 2 percent for some time” and as the labor market recovery progresses. Currently, we also expect the Federal Reserve will begin raising the federal funds rate it charges financial institutions in the fourth quarter of 2022. We also expect interest rates on Treasury securities to increase in 2022 in anticipation of further inflation or a shift in monetary policy, leading to a rise in mortgage rates and likely a slowdown in housing demand and a deceleration in the pace of home price appreciation. In general, significant home price declines or meaningful increases in the unemployment rate could materially increase our credit losses and credit-related expense.
Global economic conditions can also adversely affect our business and financial results. Changes or volatility in market conditions resulting from deterioration in or uncertainty regarding global economic conditions can adversely affect the value of our assets, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations, net worth and financial condition. Differing rates of economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic around the world along with continued dislocations in supply chains remain a concern for policy makers and financial markets. In addition, events such as the China Evergrande Group debt crisis may significantly impact global markets or adversely affect economic conditions. To the extent global economic conditions negatively affect the U.S. economy, they also could negatively affect the credit performance of the loans in our book of business.
Volatility or uncertainty in global or domestic political conditions also can significantly affect economic conditions and financial markets. Global or domestic political unrest also could affect growth and financial markets. We describe in our 2020 Form 10-K the risks to our business posed by changes in interest rates and changes in spreads. In addition, future changes or disruptions in financial markets, including the disruption that would occur if the U.S. government defaults on its debt because the debt ceiling is not timely raised, could significantly change the amount, mix and cost of funds we obtain, as well as our liquidity position.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Common Stock
Our common stock is traded in the over-the-counter market and quoted on the OTCQB, operated by OTC Markets Group Inc., under the ticker symbol “FNMA.”
Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities
Under the terms of our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, we are prohibited from selling or issuing our equity interests without the prior written consent of Treasury except under limited circumstances, which are described in “Business—Conservatorship, Treasury Agreements and Housing Finance Reform—Treasury Agreements—Covenants under Treasury Agreements” in our 2020 Form 10-K. During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, we did not sell any equity securities.
Information about Certain Securities Issuances by Fannie Mae
Pursuant to SEC regulations, public companies are required to disclose certain information when they incur a material direct financial obligation or become directly or contingently liable for a material obligation under an off-balance sheet arrangement. The disclosure must be made in a current report on Form 8-K under Item 2.03 or, if the obligation is incurred in connection with certain types of securities offerings, in prospectuses for that offering that are filed with the SEC.
Because the securities we issue are exempted securities under the Securities Act of 1933, we do not file registration statements or prospectuses with the SEC with respect to our securities offerings. To comply with the disclosure requirements of Form 8-K relating to the incurrence of material financial obligations, in accordance with a “no-action” letter we received from the staff in 2004, we report our incurrence of these types of obligations in offering circulars or prospectuses (or supplements thereto) that we post on our website within the same time period that a prospectus for a non-exempt securities offering would be required to be filed with the SEC. To the extent we incur a material financial obligation that is not disclosed in this manner, we would file a Form 8-K if required to do so under applicable Form 8-K requirements.
The website address for disclosure about our debt securities is www.fanniemae.com/debtsearch. From this address, investors can access the offering circular and related supplements for debt securities offerings under Fannie Mae’s universal debt facility, including pricing supplements for individual issuances of debt securities.
Disclosure about our obligations pursuant to the MBS we issue, some of which may be off-balance sheet obligations, can be found at www.fanniemae.com/mbsdisclosure. From this address, investors can access information and documents about our MBS, including prospectuses and related prospectus supplements.
We are providing our website address solely for your information. Information appearing on our website is not incorporated into this report.
Our Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the third quarter of 2021.
Dividend Restrictions
Our payment of dividends is subject to the following restrictions:
Restrictions Relating to Conservatorship. Our conservator announced on September 7, 2008 that we would not pay any dividends on the common stock or on any series of preferred stock, other than the senior preferred stock. In addition, FHFA’s regulations relating to conservatorship and receivership operations prohibit us from paying any dividends while in conservatorship unless authorized by the Director of FHFA. The Director of FHFA has directed us to make dividend payments on the senior preferred stock on a quarterly basis for every dividend period for which dividends were payable.
Restrictions Under Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock. The senior preferred stock purchase agreement prohibits us from declaring or paying any dividends on Fannie Mae equity securities (other than the senior preferred stock) without the prior written consent of Treasury. In addition, the provisions of the senior preferred stock provide for dividends each quarter through and including the capital reserve end date in the amount, if any, by which our net worth as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter exceeds an applicable capital reserve amount. The applicable capital reserve amount is the amount of adjusted total capital necessary for us to meet the capital requirements and buffers set forth in the enterprise regulatory capital framework. The capital reserve end
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date is defined as the last day of the second consecutive fiscal quarter during which we have had and maintained capital equal to, or in excess of, all of the capital requirements and buffers under the enterprise regulatory capital framework. After the capital reserve end date, the amount of quarterly dividends to Treasury will be equal to the lesser of any quarterly increase in our net worth and a 10% annual rate on the then-current liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock. As a result, our ability to retain earnings in excess of the capital requirements and buffers set forth in the enterprise regulatory capital framework will be limited. For more information on the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement and senior preferred stock, see “Business—Conservatorship, Treasury Agreements and Housing Finance Reform” in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Additional Restrictions Relating to Preferred Stock. Payment of dividends on our common stock is also subject to the prior payment of dividends on our preferred stock and our senior preferred stock. Payment of dividends on all outstanding preferred stock, other than the senior preferred stock, is also subject to the prior payment of dividends on the senior preferred stock.
Statutory Restrictions. Under the GSE Act, FHFA has authority to prohibit capital distributions, including payment of dividends, if we fail to meet our capital requirements. If FHFA classifies us as significantly undercapitalized, approval of the Director of FHFA is required for any dividend payment. Under the Charter Act and the GSE Act, we are not permitted to make a capital distribution if, after making the distribution, we would be undercapitalized. The Director of FHFA, however, may permit us to repurchase shares if the repurchase is made in connection with the issuance of additional shares or obligations in at least an equivalent amount and will reduce our financial obligations or otherwise improve our financial condition.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed below are being filed or furnished with or incorporated by reference into this report.
Item | Description | |||||||
| 3.1 | ||||||||
| 3.2 | ||||||||
| 4.1 | Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated September 14, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 20, 2021) | |||||||
| 10.1 | Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated September 14, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 20, 2021) | |||||||
| 10.2 | ||||||||
| 10.3 | ||||||||
| 31.1 | ||||||||
| 31.2 | ||||||||
| 32.1 | ||||||||
| 32.2 | ||||||||
| 101. INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document* - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document | |||||||
| 101. SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema* | |||||||
| 101. CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation* | |||||||
| 101. DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition* | |||||||
| 101. LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label* | |||||||
| 101. PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation* | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File* - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document included as Exhibit 101 | |||||||
* The financial information contained in these Inline XBRL documents is unaudited.
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| Signatures | ||||||||
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Federal National Mortgage Association | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Hugh R. Frater | |||||||
| Hugh R. Frater Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
Date: October 29, 2021
| By: | /s/ David C. Benson | |||||||
| David C. Benson President (and Interim Chief Financial Officer) | ||||||||
Date: October 29, 2021
| Fannie Mae Third Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q | 150 | |||||||
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)
I, Hugh R. Frater, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 of Fannie Mae (formally, the Federal National Mortgage Association);
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| /s/ Hugh R. Frater | ||||||||
| Hugh R. Frater Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
Date: October 29, 2021
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)
I, David C. Benson, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 of Fannie Mae (formally, the Federal National Mortgage Association);
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| /s/ David C. Benson | ||||||||
| David C. Benson President (and Interim Chief Financial Officer) | ||||||||
Date: October 29, 2021
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Fannie Mae (formally, the Federal National Mortgage Association) for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Hugh R. Frater, Chief Executive Officer of Fannie Mae, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to my knowledge:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Fannie Mae.
| /s/ Hugh R. Frater | ||||||||
| Hugh R. Frater Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
Date: October 29, 2021
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Fannie Mae (formally, the Federal National Mortgage Association) for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David C. Benson, President (and Interim Chief Financial Officer) of Fannie Mae, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to my knowledge:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Fannie Mae.
| /s/ David C.Benson | ||||||||
| David C. Benson President (and Interim Chief Financial Officer) | ||||||||
Date: October 29, 2021
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.